【编者按】人工智能已渗透人们的生活，但其背后支撑算力的AI却鲜少有人真正了解。中国需要芯片强国，在AI芯片方面的差距又在哪里？本文将从技术、市场、厂商、未来展望等方面全面科普AI芯片，很多问题的答案就在其中。
aidesandaguanjianjichuyaosushishuju、suanfahesuanli。suizheyunjisuandeguangfanyingyong，tebieshishenduxuexichengweidangqianaiyanjiuheyunyongdezhuliufangshi，aiduiyusuanlideyaoqiubuduankuaisutisheng。
aidexuduoshujuchulishejijuzhenchengfahejiafa。aisuanfa，zaituxiangshibiedenglingyu，changyongdeshicnn；yuyinshibie、ziranyuyanchulidenglingyu，zhuyaoshirnn，zheishiliangleiyouqubiedesuanfa；danshi，tamenbenzhishang，doushijuzhenhuovectordechengfa、jiafa，ranhoupeiheyixiechufa、zhishudengsuanfa。
CPU可以拿来执行AI算法，但因为内部有大量其他逻辑，而这些逻辑对于目前的AI算法来说是完全用不上的，所以，自然造成CPU并不能达到最优的性价比。因此，具有海量并行计算能力、能够加速AI计算的AI芯片应运而生。
yibandeshuo，aixinpianbeichengweiaijiasuqihuojisuanka，jizhuanmenyongyujiasuaiyingyongzhongdedaliangjisuanrenwudemokuai（qitafeijisuanrenwurengyoucpufuze）。
ercongguangyifanchoushangjiang，mianxiangaijisuanyingyongdexinpiandoukeyichengweiaixinpian。chuleyigpu、fpga、asicweidaibiaodeaijiasuxinpian（jiyuchuantongxinpianjiagou，duimouleitedingsuanfahuozhechangjingjinxingaijisuanjiasu），haiyoubijiaoqianyanxingdeyanjiu，liruleinaoxinpian、kezhonggoutongyongaixinpiandeng（danjulidaguimoshangyonghaiyoujiaozhangjuli）。
yigpu、fpga、asicweidaibiaodeaixinpian，shimuqiankedaguimoshangyongdejishuluxian，shiaixinpiandezhuzhanchang，benwenyixiazhuyaotaolundejiushizheileiaixinpian。
一、从两个维度对AI芯片进行分类
维度1：部署位置（云端、终端）
aixinpianbushudeweizhiyouliangzhong：yunduan、zhongduan。suoyigenjubushudeweizhibutong，aixinpiankeyifenwei：yunaixinpian、duanaixinpian。
yunduan，jishujuzhongxin，zaishenduxuexidexunlianjieduanxuyaojidadeshujulianghedayunsuanliang，danyichuliqiwufaduliwancheng，yincixunlianhuanjiezhinengzaiyunduanshixian。
zhongduan，jishouji、anfangshexiangtou、qiche、zhinengjiajushebei、gezhongiotshebeidengzhixingbianyuanjisuandezhinengshebei。zhongduandeshuliangpangda，erqiexuqiuchayijiaoda。
yunaixinpiandetedianshixingnengqiangda、nenggoutongshizhichidaliangyunsuan、bingqienenggoulinghuodizhichitupian、yuyin、shipindengbutongaiyingyong。jiyuyunaixinpiandejishu，nenggouranggezhongzhinengshebeiheyunduanfuwuqijinxingkuaisudelianjie，bingqielianjienenggoubaochizuidadewending。
duanaixinpiandetedianshitijixiao、haodianshao，erqiexingnengbuxuyaotebieqiangda，tongchangzhixuyaozhichiyiliangzhongainengli。
xiangbiyuyunaixinpianlaishuo，duanaixinpianshixuyaoqianrujinshebeineibude，dangzaishebeineibuzhongqianruleduanaixinpianzhihou，nenggourangshebeideainenglijinyibutisheng，bingqierangshebeizaimeiyoulianwangdeqingkuangzhixiayenenggoushiyongxiangyingdeainengli，zheiyangaidefugaibiandegengweiquanmian。
维度2：承担任务（训练、推理）
aideshixianbaokuolianggehuanjie：xunlian、tuili。suoyigenjuchengdanrenwudebutong，aixinpiankeyifenwei：yongyugoujianshenjingwangluomoxingdexunlianxinpian，liyongshenjingwangluomoxingjinxingtuiliyucedetuilixinpian。
xunlian，shizhitongguodashujuxunlianchuyigefuzadeshenjingwangluomoxing，jiyongdaliangbiaojiguodeshujulai“xunlian”xiangyingdexitong，shizhikeyishiyingtedingdegongneng。xunlianxuyaojigaodejisuanxingneng，xuyaojiaogaodejingdu，xuyaonengchulihailiangdeshuju，xuyaoyouyidingdetongyongxing，yibianwanchenggezhonggeyangdexuexirenwu。
tuili，shizhiliyongxunlianhaodemoxing，shiyongxinshujutuilichugezhongjielun。jijiezhuxianyoushenjingwangluomoxingjinxingyunsuan， liyongxindeshurushujulaiyicixinghuodezhengquejielundeguocheng。yeyoujiaozuoyucehuotuiduan。
xunlianxinpian，zhuzhongjueduidejisuannengli，ertuiduanxinpiangengzhuzhongzonghezhibiao， danweinenghaosuanli、shiyan、chengbendengdouyaokaolv。
xunlianjiangzaihenzhangyiduanshijianlijizhongzaiyunduan，tuilidewanchengmuqianyezhuyaojizhongzaiyunduan，dansuizheyuelaiyueduochangshangdenuli，henduodeyingyongjiangzhujianzhuanyidaozhongduan。
tuilixiangduilaishuoduixingnengdeyaoqiubingbugao，duijingduyaoqiuyeyaogengdi，zaitedingdechangjingxia，duitongyongxingyaoqiuyedi，nengwanchengtedingrenwujike，danyinweituilidejieguozhijietigongjizhongduanyonghu，suoyigengguanzhuyonghutiyanfangmiandeyouhua。
二、AI芯片市场划分
yibushuweizhi（yunduan、zhongduan）hechengdanrenwu（xunlian、tuili）weihengzongzuobiao，keyiqingxidehuafenchuaixinpiandeshichanglingyu，shangbiao，liechuleshiyongyugegeshichangdejishuluxianjixiangyingchangshang。
1、云端训练
xunlianxinpianshousuanliyueshu，yibanzhizaiyunduanbushu。
cpuyouyujisuandanyuanshao，bingxingjisuannenglijiaoruo，bushihezhijiezhixingxunlianrenwu，yincixunlianyibancaiyong“cpu+jiasuxinpian”deyigoujisuanmoshi。muqiannvidiadegpu+cudajisuanpingtaishizuichengshudeaixunlianfangan，chucihaiyouliangzhongfangan：
disanfangyigoujisuanpingtaiopencl + amd gpuhuoopencl + intel/xilinx fpga；
yunjisuanfuwushangziyanjiasuxinpian（rugoogledetpu）。
xunlianshichangmuqiannengyunvidiajingzhengdejiushigoogle，chuantongcpu/gpuchangjiaintelheamdyezainulijinruxunlianshichang。
2、云端推理
ruguoshuoyunduanxunlianxinpianshinvidiayijiaduda，neiyunduantuilixinpianzeshibaijiazhengming，geyouqianqiu。
xiangbixunlianxinpian，tuilixinpiankaolvdeyinsugengjiazonghe：danweigonghaosuanli，shiyan，chengbendengdeng。aifazhanchuqituiliyecaiyonggpujinxingjiasu，muqianlaikan，jingzhengtaishizhongyingweidayiranzhandatou，danyouyuyingyongchangjingdeteshuxing，yijujutishenjingwangluosuanfayouhuahuidailaigenggaodexiaolv，fpga/asicdebiaoxiankenenggengtuchu。
chulenvidia、google、xilinx、altera（intel）dengchuantongxinpiandachangshezuyunduantuilixinpianyiwai，wave computing、groq dengchuchuanggongsiyejiarujingzheng。zhongguogongsili，hanwuji、bitedaludengtongyangjijibujuyunduanxinpianyewu。
3、终端推理
zaimianxiangzhinengshouji、zhinengshexiangtou、jiqiren/wurenji、zidongjiashi、vr、zhinengjiajushebei、gezhongiotshebeidengshebeidezhongduantuiliaixinpianfangmian，muqianduocaiyongasic，haiweixingchengyijiadudadetaishi。
zhongduandeshuliangpangda，erqiexuqiuchayijiaoda。aixinpianchangshangkefahuishichangzuoyong，mianxianggegexifenshichang，yanjiuyingyongchangjing，yiyingyongdaidongxinpian。
chuantongxinpiandachangrunvidia、intel、arm、gaotongdengdoujijibuju，zhongguoxinpianchuangyeqiye，ruhanwuji、dipingxiandeng，yeyoubusubiaoxian，zaiyixiexifenshichanglingyupoyoujianshu。
yi、aixinpianzhuyaojishuluxian
muqian，zuoweijiasuyingyongdeaixinpian，zhuyaodejishuluxianyousanzhong：gpu、fpga、asic。
1、GPU
gpu（graphics processing unit），jituxingchuliqi，shiyizhongyoudalianghexinzuchengdedaguimobingxingjisuanjiagou，zhuanweitongshichuliduozhongrenwuersheji。gpushizhuanmenchulituxiangjisuande，baokuogezhongtexiaodexianshi，gengjiazhenduituxiangdexuanrandengjisuansuanfa。zheixiesuanfayushenduxuexidesuanfahaishiyoubijiaodadequbie。dangran，gpufeichangshihezuobingxingjisuan，yekeyiyonglaijiaijiasu。
gpuyinlianghaodejuzhenjisuannenglihebingxingjisuanyoushi，zuizaobeiyongyuaijisuan，zaishujuzhongxinzhonghuodedaliangyingyong。gpucaiyongbingxingjiagou，chaoguo80%bufenweiyunsuandanyuan，jubeijiaogaoxingnengyunsuansudu。xiangbijiaoxia，cpujinyou20%weiyunsuandanyuan，gengduodeshiluojidanyuan，yincicpushanzhangluojikongzhiyuchuanxingyunsuan，ergpushanzhangdaguimobingxingyunsuan。gpuzuizaozuoweishenduxuexisuanfadexinpianbeiyinrurengongzhinenglingyu，yinqilianghaodefudianjisuannenglishiyongyujuzhenjisuan，qiexiangbicpujuyoumingxiandeshujutuntulianghebingxingjisuanyoushi。
2011niangugedanaolvxianyingyonggpuxinpian，dangshi12keyingweidadegpukeyitigongyuedengyu2000kecpudeshenduxuexixingneng，zhanshileqijingrendeyunsuannengli。muqiangpuyijingchengweirengongzhinenglingyuzuipubianzuichengshudezhinengxinpian，yingyongyushujuzhongxinjiasuhebufenzhinengzhongduanlingyu，zaishenduxuexidexunlianjieduanqixingnenggengshiwusuopidi。
zaishenduxuexishangyouxunlianduan（zhuyaoyongzaiyunjisuanshujuzhongxinli），gpushidangrenburangdediyixuanze。muqiangpudeshichanggejuyiyingweidaweizhu（chaoguo70%），amdweifu，yujiweilaijinianneigpurengranshishenduxuexixunlianshichangdediyixuanze。
lingwai，gpuwufadandugongzuo，bixuyoucpujinxingkongzhidiaoyongcainenggongzuo。cpukedanduzuoyong，chulifuzadeluojiyunsuanhebutongdeshujuleixing，dangxuyaodaliangdechulileixingtongyideshujushi，zekediaoyonggpujinxingbingxingjisuan。
2、FPGA
fpga（field-programmable gate array），jixianchangkebianchengmenzhenlie，zuoweizhuanyongjichengdianlulingyuzhongdeyizhongbandingzhidianluchuxian。fpgaliyongmendianluzhijieyunsuan，sudukuai，eryonghukeyiziyoudingyizheixiemendianluhecunchuqizhijiandebuxian，gaibianzhixingfangan，yiqidedaozuijiaxiaoguo。
fpgakeyicaiyongopencldenggenggaoxiaodebianchengyuyan，jiangdileyingjianbianchengdenandu，haikeyijichengzhongyaodekongzhigongneng，jichengxitongmokuai，tigaoleyingyongdelinghuoxing，yugpuxiangbi，fpgajubeigengqiangdepingjunjisuannenglihegengdidegonghao。
fpgashiyongyuduozhiling，danshujuliudefenxi，yugpuxiangfan，yincichangyongyutuilijieduan。fpgashiyongyingjianshixianruanjiansuanfa，yincizaishixianfuzasuanfafangmianyouyidingdenandu，quedianshijiagebijiaogao。
fpgayinqizailinghuoxinghexiaolvshangdeyoushi，shiyongyuxunihuayunpingtaihetuilijieduan，zai2015nianhouyijuntuqi。2015nianintelshougoufpgashichangdierdaqiyealtera，kaishilefpgazairengongzhinenglingyudeyingyongrechao。yinweifpgalinghuoxingjiaohao、chulijiandanzhilingzhongfujisuanbijiaoqiang，yongzaiyunjisuanjiagouxingchengcpu+fpgadehunheyigouzhongxiangbigpugengjiadedigongxiaohegaoxingneng，shiyongyugaomidujisuan，zaishenduxuexidetuilijieduanyouzhegenggaodexiaolvhegengdidechengben，shidequanqiukejijutoufenfenbujuyunduanfpgashengtai。
guowaibaokuoyamaxun、weiruandoutuichulejiyufpgadeyunjisuanfuwu，erguoneibaokuotengxunyun、aliyunjunzai2017niantuichulejiyufpgadefuwu，baidudanaoyeshiyonglefpgaxinpian。zhongguoganggangbeixilinxshougoudeshenjiankejiyeshijiyufpgalaishejishenduxuexidejiasuqijiagou，keyilinghuokuozhanyongyufuwuqiduanheqianrushiduan。
3、ASIC
asic（application specific integrated circuits），jizhuanyongjichengdianlu，shiyizhongweizhuanyongmudeshejide，mianxiangtedingyonghuxuqiudedingzhixinpian，zaidaguimoliangchandeqingkuangxiajubeixingnenggengqiang、tijigengxiao、gonghaogengdi、chengbengengdi、kekaoxinggenggaodengyoudian。
asicyugpuhefpgabutong，gpuhefpgachuleshiyizhongjishuluxianzhiwai，haishishishizaizaidequedingdechanpin，erasicjiushiyizhongjishuluxianhuozhefangan，qichengxianchudezuizhongxingtaiyugongnengyeshiduozhongduoyangde。
jinnianlaiyuelaiyueduodegongsikaishicaiyongasicxinpianjinxingshenduxuexisuanfajiasu，qizhongbiaoxianzuiweituchudeshigoogledetpu。tpubitongshiqidegpuhuocpupingjuntisu15~30bei，nengxiaobitisheng30~80bei。xiangbifpga，asicxinpianjubeigengdidenenghaoyugenggaodejisuanxiaolv。danshiasicyanfazhouqijiaozhang、shangyeyingyongfengxianjiaodadengbuzuyeshidezhiyoudaqiyehuobeikaodaqiyedetuanduiyuanyitourudaotadewanzhengkaifazhong。
alphagojiushiyongtpu，tongshitpuyezhichizhegoogledecloud tpupingtaihejiyucidejiqixuexichaojijisuanji。ciwai，guoneiqiyehanwujikaifadecambriconxiliexinpianshoudaoguangfanguanzhu。huaweideqilin980chuliqisuodazaidenpujiushihanwujidechuliqi。
二、AI芯片技术路线走向
1、短期：GPU仍延续AI芯片的领导地位，FPGA增长较快
gpuduanqijiangyanxuaixinpiandelingdaodiwei。muqiangpushishichangshangyongyuaijisuanzuichengshuyingyongzuiguangfandetongyongxingxinpian，zaisuanfajishuheyingyongcengcishangqianshiqi，gpuyouyuqiqiangdadejisuannengli、jiaodideyanfachengbenhetongyongxingjiangjixuzhanlingaixinpiandezhuyaoshichangfene。gpudelingjunchangshangyingweidarengzaibuduantanxungpudejishutupo，xintuichudevoltajiagoushidegpuyidingchengdushangkefulezaishenduxuexituilijieduandeduanban，zaixiaolvyaoqiuhechangjingyingyongjinyibushenruzhiqian，zuoweishujuzhongxinhedaxingjisuanlizhichengdezhulijun，gpurengjuyouhendadeyoushi。
fpgashimuqianzengzhangdian，fpgadezuidayoushizaiyukebianchengdailaidepeizhilinghuoxing，zaimuqianjishuyuyunyongdouzaikuaisugengdiedeshiqijuyoujudadeshiyongxing，erqiefpgahaijuyoubigpugenggaodegongxiaonenghaobi。qiyetongguofpgakeyiyouxiaojiangdiyanfadiaoshichengben，tigaoshichangxiangyingnengli，tuichuchayihuachanpin。
zaizhuanyexinpianfazhandezugouzhongyaozhiqian，fpgashizuihaodeguoduchanpin，suoyikejijutoufenfenbujuyunjisuan+fpgadepingtai。suizhefpgadekaifazheshengtaizhujianfengfu，shiyongdebianchengyuyanzengjia，fpgayunyonghuigengjiaguangfan。yinciduanqinei，fpgazuoweijianguxiaolvhelinghuoxingdeyingjianxuanzerengjiangshirediansuozai。
2、长期：三大类技术路线各有优劣，会长期并存
1）GPU主攻高级复杂算法和通用型人工智能平台
gpuweilaidejinhualuxiankenenghuizhujianfazhanweiliangtiaolu，yitiaozhugonggaoduanfuzasuanfadeshixian，youyugpuxiangbifpgaheasicgaoxingnengjisuannenglijiaoqiang，tongshiduiyuzhilingdeluojikongzhishangyegengfuzayixie，zaimianlinxuqiutongyongxingaijisuandeyingyongfangmianjuyoujiaodayoushi。diertiaoluzeshitongxingrengongzhinengpingtai，gpuyouyushejifangmian，tongyongxingqiang，xingnengjiaogao，yingyongyudaxingrengongzhinengpingtaigougaoxiaodiwanchengbutongzhongleidediaoyongxuqiu。
2） FPGA适用变化多的垂直细分行业
fpgajuyouduyiwuerdelinghuoxingyoushi，duiyubufenshichangbianhuaxunsudexingyefeichangshiyong。tongshi，fpgadegaoduanqijianzhongyekeyizhujianzengjiadsp、armhedenggaojimokuai，yishixianjiaoweifuzadesuanfa。fpgayijixinyidaiacapxinpian，jubeilegaodudelinghuoxing，keyigenjuxuqiudingyijisuanjiagou，kaifazhouqiyuanyuanxiaoyushejiyikuanzhuanyongxinpian，gengshiyongyugezhongxifendexingye。acapdechuxian，yinruleaihedeyoudian，shibihuijinyibulajinyuzhuanyongxinpiandechaju。suizhe fpga yingyongshengtaidezhubuchengshu，fpga deyoushiyehuizhujianweigengduoyonghusuolejie。
3） ASIC芯片是全定制芯片，长远看适用于人工智能
yinweisuanfafuzaduyueqiang，yuexuyaoyitaozhuanyongdexinpianjiagouyuqijinxingduiying，erasicjiyurengongzhinengsuanfajinxingdingzhi，qifazhanqianjingkanhao。asicshiailingyuweilaiqianlijiaodadexinpian，aisuanfachangshangyouwangtongguosuanfaqianruqierugailingyu。asicjuyougaoxingnengdixiaohaodetedian，keyijiyuduogerengongzhisuanfajinxingdingzhi，qidingzhihuadetedianshiqinenggouzhenduibutonghuanjingdadaozuijiashiying，zaishenduxuexidexunlianhetuilijieduanjienengzhanjuyidingdiwei。
muqianyouyurengongzhinengchanyerengchuzaifazhandechuqi，jiaogaodeyanfachengbenhebianhuanmocedeshichangshidehenduoqiyewangerquebu。weilaidangrengongzhinengjishu、pingtaihezhongduandefazhandadaozugouchengshudu，rengongzhinengyingyongdepujichengshidezhuanyongxinpiannenggoudadaoliangchanshuiping，cishiasicxinpiandefazhanjianggengshangyicenglou。
ciwai，aisuanfatigongshangyeyouwangjiangyijingyouhuashejihaodesuanfazhijieshaolujinxinpian，congershixiansuanfaipdexinpianhua，zheijiangweiaixinpiandefazhanzhuruxindedongli。
一、AI芯片市场概览
2018nianquanqiuaixinpianshichangguimoyujijiangchaoguo20yimeiyuan，suizhebaokuoguge、facebook、weiruan、yamaxunyijibaidu、ali、tengxunzaineidehulianwangjutouxiangjiruju，yujidao2020nianquanqiushichangguimojiangchaoguo100yimeiyuan，qizhongzhongguodeshichangguimojin25yimeiyuan，zengzhangfeichangxunmeng，fazhankongjianjuda。
muqianquanqiugedaxinpiangongsidouzaijijijinxingaixinpiandebuju。zaiyunduan，nvidiadegpuxinpianbeiguangfanyingyongyushendushenjingwangluodexunlianhetuili。google tputongguoyunfuwucloud tpudexingshibatpukaifangshangyong。laopaixinpianjutouinteltuichulenervana neural network processors（nnp）。erchuchuanggongsiruwave computing、groq、hanwuji、bitedaludengyejiarulejingzhengdexinglie，luxutuichulezhenduiaidexinpianheyingjianxitong。
智能手机是目前应用最为广泛的边缘计算终端设备，包括、pingguo、huawei、gaotong、lianfakezaineideshoujixinpianchangshangfenfentuichuhuozhezhengzaiyanfazhuanmenshiyingaiyingyongdexinpianchanpin。lingwai，yeyouhenduochuchuanggongsijiaruzheigelingyu，weibaokuozhinengshoujizaineidezhongduoleixingbianyuanjisuanshebeitigongxinpianhexitongfangan，biruhanwuji、dipingxiandeng。chuantongdeipchangshang，baokuoarm、synopsys、cadencedenggongsiyedouweishouji、pingbandiannao、zhinengshexiangtou、wurenji、gongyehefuwujiqiren、zhinengyinxiangdengbianyuanjisuanshebeikaifazhuanyongipchanpin。ciwaizaizhongduanyingyongzhonghaiyunzangzheiotzheiyijinkuang，aixinpianzhiyoushixiancongyunduanzouxiangzhongduan，cainengzhenzhengfuyu“wanwuzhineng”。
二、四大场景的芯片赛道
1、数据中心
zaiyunjisuanshujuzhongxin，shangyouxunlianduangpushidangrenburangdediyixuanze。muqiangpudeshichanggejuyiyingweidaweizhu（chaoguo70%），amdweifu，yujiweilaijiniangpurengranshishenduxuexishichangdediyixuanze。
xiayoutuiliduangengjiejinzhongduanyingyong，gengguanzhuxiangyingshijianerbushituntulv，xuqiugengjiaxifen，chulezhuliudegpuxinpianzhiwai，xiayoutuiliduankerongnafpga、asicdengxinpian。jingzhengtaishizhongyingweidayiranzhandatou，dansuizheaidefazhan，fpgadediyanchi、digonghao、kebianchengxing（shiyongyuchuanganqishujuyuchuligongzuoyijixiaoxingkaifashicuoshengjidiedaijieduan）heasicdetedingyouhuahexiaonengyoushi（shiyongyuzaiquedingxingzhixingmoxing）jiangtuxianchulai。
2、自动驾驶
zidongjiashiduixinpiansuanliyouhengaodeyaoqiu， ershouxianyushiyanjikekaoxing，youguanzidongjiashidejisuanbunengzaiyunduanjinxing，yincizhongduantuilixinpianshengjishizaibixing。genjufengtiangongsidetongjishuju，shixianl5jiwanquanzidongjiashi，zhishaoxuyao12topsdetuilisuanli，anzhaonvidia px2zidongjiashipingtaicesuan，chabuduoxuyao15kuaipx2chezaijisuanji，cainengmanzuwanquanzidongjiashidexuqiu。
muqian，zidongjiashishangyouxitongjiejuefanganzhujianxingchengyingweidayuyingteer-mobileyelianmengliangdajingzhengzhe。
chuleshangshuliangdazhuliqichexinpianjingzhengfang，baidusuiranyuyingweidahezuomiqie（apollokaifangpingtaicongshujuzhongxindaozidongjiashidoujiangshiyongyingweidajishu，baokuotesla gpuhedrive px 2，yijicudahetensorrtzaineideyingweidaruanjian），queyecaiyongxilinxdefpgaxinpianjiasujiqixuexi，yongyuyuyinshibieheqichezidongjiashi。
3、安防
aizhengzaiyijiqishengshihaodadejiezouquanmian“ruqin”zhenggeanfangchanye。zuoweizheiyiborengongzhinenglangchaozuidaluodilingyu——anfang，shibizhengzhidi。yidapiaixinpianchangshangzhaduiyongru，qizhongjiyouaixinpianchuangyewanjia，yeyouchuantonganfangxinpianbazhuhaisideqiangshiruju。
zongdelaishuo，hanwuji、dipingxiandengaixinpiangongsitigongdeanfangaixinpianshuyuxiechuliqi，xuyaodapeiqitagongsideshexiangjisocxinpianshiyong。erhaisideanfangaixinpianbenshenjiushianfangshexiangjisocxinpian，zhishixinjiaruleaimokuai——zheiyeshihaisianfangaixinpiandezuidajingzhengli。
yeyaokandao，aiyuaixinpianlidaguimokuaisuluodirengyoujuli，qizhongyidayuanyinjiushigongchenghuakunnan——youqishizaianfangzheizhongchanyelianmanzhangerfuzadechanye，xinjishuluodixuyaozhangshijiandejileiyudamo，yijirenliziyuandebuduantouru，zheixiedoushibaizaiaiyuaixinpianqiyemianqiandenanti。
4、手机终端AI
shoujixinpianshichangdewanjiadingweibaokuo：
caiyongxinpian+zhengjichuizhishangyemoshidechangshang：pingguo，sanxing，huaweideng；
dulixinpiangongyingshang：gaotong，lianfake，zhanruideng；
xiangxinpianqiyetigongduliipshouquandegongyingshang：arm，synopsys，cadence，hanwujideng。
caiyongchuizhishangyemoshichangshangdexinpianbuduiwaifashou，zhifuwuyuzishenpinpaidezhengji，xingnengzhenduizishenruanjianzuochuleteshuyouhua，kaoxiaolvqusheng。dulixinpiangongyingshangyixiangduigengqiangdexingnengzhibiao，laihuodeshengyuchangshangdeshichangfene。
从2017年开始，苹果、、gaotong、lianfakedengzhuyaoxinpianchangshangxiangjifabuzhichiaijiasugongnengdexinyidaixinpian，aixinpianzhujianxiangzhongduanchanpinshentou。youyushoujikongjianyouxian，dulideaixinpianhennanbeishoujichangshangcaiyong。zaiaijiasuxinpianshejinenglishangyouxianfayoushideqiye（ruhanwuji）yibantongguoipshouquandefangshiqieru。
gaotonghenyoukenengzaishoujiaisaidaoyanxuyoushidiwei。jinrifabudexiaolong855beichengweidangqianzuiqiangaixinpian，biqipingguoa12、huaweiqilin980，xingnengtisheng1bei，bingjiangchengweiquanqiudiyikuanshangyong5gxinpian。
zaiaixinpianlingyu，guowaixinpianjutouzhanjulejuedabufenshichangfene，bulunshizairencaijujihaishigongsihebingdengfangmian，doujuyoulingxianyoushi。youqishimeiguojutouqiye，pingjiexinpianlingyuduoniandelingxiandiwei，xunsuqieruailingyu，jijibuju，sichukaihua，muqianchuyuyinlingchanyefazhandediwei，bingqiezaigpuhefpgafangmianshiwanquanlongduandiwei。guoneiaixinpiangongsiduoweizhongxiaoxingchuchuanggongsi，zaiyixiexifenshichangyeyoujianshu，danshengleduogedujiaoshouqiye。
一、国外主要厂商
1、NVIDIA 英伟达
muqianaixinpianlingyuzhuyaodegongyingshangrengranshiyingweida，zhanquanqiuaixinpian50%yishangshichangfene。yingweidabaochilejidadetourulidu，kuaisutigaogpudehexinxingneng，zengjiaxinxinggongneng，baochilezaiaixunlianshichangdebazhudiwei，bingjijituozhanzhongduanqianrushichanpinxingtai，tuichuxavierxilie。
yingweidaqixiachanpinxianbianbuzidongjiashiqiche、gaoxingnengjisuan、jiqiren、yiliaobaojian、yunjisuan、youxishipindengzhongduolingyu。
yingweidayongyoumuqianzuiweichengshudekaifashengtaihuanjing——cuda ，yinqitongyierwanzhengdekaifataojian，fengfudekuyijiduiyingweidagpudeyuanshengzhichierchengweikaifazhuliu，muqianyikaifazhidi9dai，kaifazherenshuchaoguo51wan。
yingweidahaijianglianhexinpianjutouarmdazaoiotshebeideaixinpianzhuanyongip，zheikuanjiqixuexiipjichengdaoarmdeproject trilliumpingtaishang，yishixianjiqixuexi，qijishuyuanyuyingweidaxavierxinpianyijiquniankaiyuandedlashenduxuexijiasuqixiangmu。
2、Intel 英特尔
yingteerzuoweichuantongpcxinpiandelaoda，yezaijijixiangpcyiwaideshichangzhuanxing。
weilejiaqiangzaiaixinpianlingyudeshili，yingteershougoufpgashengchanshangaltera，shougouzidongjiashijishugongsimobileye，yijijiqishijuegongsi movidiusheweizidongjiashiqichexinpiantigonganquangongjudegongsiyogitech，shougourengongzhinengruanyingjianchuangyegongsinervana。zaishujuzhongxin、zidongjiashidengzhongyaolingyubujuzhashi。
3、Google 谷歌
googlezai2016nianxuanbudulikaifayizhongmingweitpudequanxinchulixitong。zai2016nian3yuedabailelishishihe2017nian5yuedabailekejiededealphago，jiushicaiyonglegugedetpuxiliexinpian。
tpushizhuanmenweijiqixuexiyingyongershejidezhuanyongxinpian。tongguojiangdixinpiandejisuanjingdu，jianshaoshixianmeigejisuancaozuosuoxudejingtiguanshuliang，congernengrangxinpiandemeimiaoyunxingdecaozuogeshugenggao，zheiyangjingguojingxidiaoyoudejiqixueximoxingjiunengzaixinpianshangyunxingdegengkuai，jiashenlerengongzhinengzaixunlianhetuilifangmiandenengli，jinergengkuaidirangyonghudedaogengzhinengdejieguo。
2018nian3yuegoogle i/odahuituichutpu3.0。juguanfangshuju，tpu3.0dexingnengshitpu2.0debabei，gaoda 100 petaflops。
cloud tpushigugeshejideyingjianjiasuqi，weijiasu、tuozhantedingtensorflowjiqixuexiworkloaderyouhua。meigetpulineizhilesigedingzhiasic，dankuaibankadejisuannenglidameimiao180 teraflops，gaodaikuanneicunyou64gb。zheixiebankajinengdandushiyong，yeketongguochaogaosuzhuanyongwangluolianjiecongerxingcheng“tpu pod”。gugeyizaigugeyun（gcp）kaifangcloud tpudejisuannengli，bangzhujiqixuexizhuanjiagengkuaisuxunlianheyunxingmoxing。
edge tpudechicunyuewei1meifenyingbide1/8daxiao，takeyizaijiaoxiaodewulichicunyijigonghaofanweineitigongbucuodexingneng，zhichipcieyijiusbjiekou。edge tpuyoushizaiyukeyijiasushebeishangdejiqixuexituili，huozheyekeyiyugoogle cloudpeiduiyichuangjianwanzhengdeyunduandaobianyuanjiqixuexiduizhan。
4、Xilinx 赛灵思
2018nian3yue，sailingsixuanbutuichuyikuanchaoyuefpgagongnengdexinchanpin——acap（zishiyingjisuanjiasupingtai）。qihexinshixinyidaidefpgajiagou。10yue，fabuzuixinjiyu7nmgongyideacappingtaidediyikuanchuliqi——versal。qishiyongduozhongjisuanjiasujishu，keyiweirenheyingyongchengxutigongqiangdadeyigoujiasu。versal primexilieheversal ai corexiliechanpinyejiangyu 2019 niantuichu。
xilinxheintelliangjiabuyueertongbafpgaweilaishichangzhongxinfangdaoshujuzhongxinshichang。
二、国内主要厂商
guoneiaixinpianchangshangyizhongxiaogongsiweizhu，meiyoujutou，duojizhongyushebeiduanai asicdekaifa，bingyiyousuojianshu，ruhanwujichengweiquanqiuaixinpianlingyudiyigedujiaoshouchuchuanggongsi，qinpu ipyibeiyingyongyuquanqiushoukuanshoujiaixinpian——qilin970。
danshi，zhongguozaifpga、gpulingyuquefayoujingzhenglideyuanchuangchanpin，zhishijiyufpga/gpuzuojinyibukaifa，zheizhuyaoyuwoguozaixinpianlingyuyizhiquefaguanjianhexinzizhujishuyouguan，fpga/gpudejishubileiyihengao，hennanyousuotupo。
1、寒武纪 Cambricon
hanwujichuangliyu2016nian3yue，shizhongkeyuanfuhuadegaokejiqiye。
2018nian5yue，hanwujituichudiyikuanzhinengchulibanka，dazailehanwuji mlu100 xinpian，weiyunduantuilitigongqiangdadeyunsuannenglizhicheng。dengxiaolilunjisuannengligaoda128 tops，zhichi4tongdao64 bit eccddr4neicun，bingzhichiduozhongrongliang。
1mshihanwujidisandaijiqixuexizhuanyongxinpian，shiyongtsmc 7nmgongyishengchan，qi8weiyunsuanxiaonengbida 5tops/watt（meiwa 5 wanyiciyunsuan）。hanwuji1mchuliqiyanxuleqianliangdaiipchanpin（1h/1a）dewanbeixing，kezhichicnn、rnn、somdengduozhongshenduxueximoxing，youjinyibuzhichilesvm、k-nn、k-means、jueceshudengjingdianjiqixuexisuanfadejiasu。zheikuanxinpianzhichibangzhuzhongduanshebeijinxingbendixunlian，keweishijue、yuyin、ziranyuyanchulidengrenwutigonggaoxiaojisuanpingtai。
hanwujiyetuichulemianxiangkaifazhedehanwujirengongzhinengruanjianpingtaicambricon neuware，zheishizaizhongduanheyunduandeaixinpiangongxiangderuanjianjiekouheshengtai，baohankaifa、diaoshihediaoyousandabufen，tixianlechuangshirenchentianshitichude“duanyunyiti”desilu。
2、华为海思 Hisilicon
haisibandaotichengliyu2004nian10yue，shihuaweijituandequanzizigongsi。
qilin970jichengnpushenjingchulidanyuan，shiquanqiudiyikuanshoujiaixinpian，tazaichulijingtaishenjingwangluomoxingfangmianyoudetianduhoudeyoushi；xinyidaideqilin980yongyuzuixindemate20xilieherongyaomagic 2。erzhejuncaiyonghanwujideai ip。
anfangshiyizhongaixinpiangongsifenfenmiaozhundezhongyaoluodichangjing，zuoweichuantonganfangxinpianbazhu，haisibiaoshiyihoudesuoyouipcxinpianxinpin，doujiangdazaizhuanyongaimokuai。
huaweijinqitichulequanzhanquanchangjingaijiejuefangan，fabuleliangkuanaixinpian，shengteng910heshengteng310。shengteng910shimuqiandanxinpianjisuanmiduzuidadexinpian，jisuanliyuanchaogugejiyingweida，ershengteng310xinpiandezuidagonghaojin8w，shijizhigaoxiaojisuandigonghaoaixinpian。
3、地平线 Horizon Robotics
dipingxianchengliyu2015nian7yue，shiyijiazhuzhongruanyingjianjiehedeaichuchuanggongsi，youintel、jiashiziben、gaolingzibenlingtou。
2017nian12yue，dipingxianzizhushejiyanfalezhongguoshoukuanqianrushirengongzhinengshijuexinpian——xuri1.0hezhengcheng1.0。
xuri1.0shimianxiangzhinengshexiangtoudechuliqi，jubeizaiqianduanshixiandaguimorenlianjiancegenzong、shipinjiegouhuadechulinengli，keguangfanyongyuzhinengchengshi、zhinengshangyedengchangjing。
zhengcheng1.0shimianxiangzidongjiashidechuliqi，ketongshiduixingren、jidongche、feijidongche、chedaoxianjiaotongbiaoshidengduoleimubiaojinxingjingzhundeshishijianceheshibie，shixianfcw/ldw/jaccdenggaojibiefuzhujiashigongneng。
dipingxianjinnianyoutuichulejiyuxuri（sunrise）2.0dejiagou（bpu2.0，bonulijiagou）dexforcebianyuanaijisuanpingtai，qizhuxinpianweiintel a10 fpga，dianxinggonghao35w，keyongyushipinrenlianshibie、rentifenge、zhitijiancedenggongneng。
4、比特大陆 Bitmain
bitedaluchengliyu2013nian10yue，shiquanqiudiyidabitebikuangjigongsi，muqianzhanlinglequanqiubitebikuangji 70%yishangdeshichang。bingyijiangyewutuozhanzhiailingyu，yu2017niantuichuyunduanaixinpianbm1680，zhichixunlianhetuiduan。muqianyituichudierdaichanpinbm1682，xiangjiaoshangyidaixingnengtisheng5beiyishang。
bm1880shibitedalushoukuanmianxiangbianyuanduanjisuandedigonghaoaixiechuliqi，caiyong28nmgongyi，arm a53shuanghejiagou，risc-v cpu，qidianxinggonghao2w，int 8jingdusuanlinenggoudadao1tops。
bitedalutigongduanyunyitihuadeaijiejuefangan，yuzhongduanaixinpianbutong，bitedaludeyunduanaixinpianjiangbuhuidandufashou，zhidazaizaibanka、yunfuwuqizhongtigongjihezuohuoban。
bitedalujiangqiaixinpianluodichanyetuozhandaolesidalei，fenbieshi：anfang、yuanqu、zhihuichengshi、hulianwang。
三、互联网巨头入局与新模式
1、互联网巨头入局
quanqiuhulianwangjutoufenfengaodiaoxuanbujinrubandaotixingye，ali、weiruan、google、facebook、yamaxundengdouxuanbuzaixinpianlingyudedongzuo。danghulianwangjutoukaishijinruxinpianshichangshi，huiduixinpianxingyechanshengjudadeyingxiang。
shouxian，hulianwangjutouzhuiqiuyingjiannengshixianjizhihuadexingnengyishixianchayihuayonghutiyanyonglaixiyinyonghu。zaimoerdinglvjijiangyudaopingjingzhiji，xiangyaozhuiqiujizhitiyanxuyaozouyigoujisuan，zijidingzhihuaxinpiandedaolu，guangkaocaigouchuantongbandaotichangshangdexinpian，yijingmeifamanzuhulianwangjutouduiyuyingjiandexuqiu，zhishaozaihexinxinpianbufenshizheiyang。yinci，facebook、google、alidenghulianwangjutoudoushiyigoujisuandejijiyonghuzhe，weilezijideyingjianbujuhuojihuashejixinpian，huoyijingkaishishejixinpian。zheimeyilai，yuanlaishibandaotigongsixiayoukehudehulianwanggongsixianzaibuxuyaocongbandaotigongsicaigouxinpianle，zheiyangdechanyefengongbianhuahuiyinqixingyejubian。
qici，hulianwangjutouzhizaoyingjiandemudezhishiweilexiyinyonghujinruzijideshengtai，shiyongzijidefuwu，qizuizhongyinglidianbingbuzaifanmaiyingjianshangershizaizengzhifuwushang。yinci，hulianwangjutouzaiweilezijideyingjianshejixinpianshikeyibujichengben。
conglingyigejiaodulaishuo，yidanzijishejihexinxinpiandehulianwanggongsijinrutongyigelingyu，neixiekaocaigoubandaotigongsibiaozhunxinpiandayingjianxitongdegongsi，jiuwanquanmeiyoujingzhenglile，wulunshicongshoujiahaishixingneng，yongyouzijihexinxinpiandehulianwangjutoudounengshishijiangweidaji。yidanzheixieyingjiangongsishiqujingzhengli，neimeyilaiyuzheixiekehudebandaotigongsideshengcunkongjianyouhuijinyibubeiyasuo。
zongeryanzhi，hulianwangjutoujinruxinpianlingyu，shouxianchuyuxingnengkaolvbuzaicongbandaotigongsicaigouhexinxinpian，zheichongjilechuantongxingyefengong，shichuantongxinpiangongsishiquleyileidakehu；lingyifangmianhulianwangjutoudeshengtaishidafakeyirangziyanyingjianxinpianbukaolvchengben，zheiyouchongjileneixiecongbandaotigongsicaigouxinpiandechuantongyingjiangongsi，congerjinyibuyasuolebandaotigongsideshichang。zaizheilianggezuoyongxia，bandaotixinpiangongsidechuantongjingyingmoshibixufashenggaibiancainengzhuishangxindechaoliu。
2、Designless-Fabless模式
muqian，bandaotixingyelingyudefengong，dagaikeyifenweidingyi、sheji、shejidingan、zhizaodengjigehuanjie。
jintiandebandaotixingye，zuiweidajiashuzhideshifablessmoshi，jixinpianshejigongsifuzedingyi、shejiheshejidingan，erzhizaozeshizaitigongdaigongdefabwancheng；rugaotong，shifablessdedianxingdaibiao。
zaihulianwangjutourujubandaotixingyehou，youchuxianleyizhongxindemoshi，jihulianwanggongsifuzedingyixinpian、wanchengxiaobufensheji、binghuaqianwanchengshejidinganliupian，shejifuwugongsifuzedabufensheji，erdaigongchangfuzexinpianzhizao。zheizhongxinmoshikeyichengweidesignless-fablessmoshi。
lishishang，bandaotigongsicongchuantongdeidmzoudaofablessmoshi，zhuyaoshiyinweifabkaixiaoguogao，chengweilebandaotigongsifazhandebaofu，erdaigongchangzetigongleyigefeichanglinghuodexuanxiang。
jintian，hulianwanggongsirujubandaotihouzoudesignless-fablessmoshi，badaliangshejiwaibao，zezhuyaoshiyinweishijianchengben。hulianwangjutouzuoxinpian，zhuiqiudechulejizhixingnengzhiwai，haiyoukuaisudeshangshishijian。duiyutamenlaishuo，ruguoyaoxiangchuantongbandaotigongsiyiyang，xuyaocongtoukaishipeiyangzijideqianduan+houduanshejituandui，congtoukaishijileimokuaiip，kongpadiyikuaixinpianshangshiyaodaoshunianzhihou。zheiyangdejiezou，shigenbushanghulianwanggongsidekuaisudiedaijiezoude。
neimeruheshixiangaoxingnengjiakuaisushangshini？zuijiafanganjiushizheixiejutouzijizhaomuxinpianjiagoushejituanduizuoxinpiandingyi，yongyoufengfujingyandeyejielaobinglaigenjuxuqiudingzhijiagouyimanzuxingnengxuqiu，erjutideshixian，baokuowulibantushejishenzhiqianduandianlushejidoukeyijiaojishejifuwugongsiquzuo。bandaotixinpiandeyigezhongyaotedianjiushixijiefeichangzhongyao，esd、sanre、ir dropdengyigexiaoxijiechucuojiukenengdaozhixinpianxingnengdadazhekouwufadadaoxuqiu。yinci，ruguobajutishejigongzuojiaojiyoufengfujingyandeshejifuwugongsi，jiukeyidadajianshaoxijiechucuodefengxian，congerjianxiaoxinpianxuyaozhongxinshejiyanwushangshishijiandefengxian。
suizhefengongdejinyibuxihua，yuanxianqifuzhuzuoyongdeshejifuwugongsi，jiangyuelaiyuezhongyao，nenggouyuhulianwangjutouchanshenghubuxiaoying。bushaobandaotigongsiyezhuyidaoleshejifuwudechaoliu，bingkaishixiangshejifuwukaolong。lianfakeqianyizhengaodiaogongkaishejifuwuyewu，jiushibandaotigongsizhuanxiangdezhongyaobiaozhi。
duiyuguoneideaixinpianchuchuanggongsilaishuo，shanyongzheizhongdesignless-fablessmoshi，duiyusuoduanchanpinyanfazhouqi，tishengchanpinshejishuiping，douyouhendabangzhu。
一、AI芯片发展面临的问题
muqian，aixinpianfazhansudusuiranhenkuai，danshixianzaiderengongzhinengxinsuanfayeshicengchubuqiongde，zheiyangyilaijiumeiyouyigejutidebiaozhun，yemeiyouduixiangyingdeguigejinxingguding。
qici，xianzaiderengongzhinengsuanfadoujinjinzhishizhenduiyudangeyingyongjinxingyanfade，bingmeiyounenggoufugaiquanfangwei，suoyixianyoushashoujibiedeaiyingyong。
zaifazhanguochengzhong，aixinpianshouyaojiejuedewentijiushiyaoshiyingxianzairengongzhinengsuanfadeyanjinsudu，bingqieyaojinxingshiying，zheiyangcainenggoubaozhengpipeifazhan。
ciwai，aixinpianyeyaoshidangdeduijiagoujinxingchuangxinjianrong，rangqinenggoujianrongshiyinggengduodeyingyong，zheiyangnenggoukaifachugenghaodebaorongxingyingyong。
muqianquanqiurengongzhinengchanyehaichuzaigaosubianhuafazhanzhong，guangfandexingyefenbuweirengongzhinengdeyingyongtigongleguangkuodeshichangqianjing，kuaisudiedaidesuanfatuidongrengongzhinengjishukuaisuzouxiangshangyong，aixinpianshisuanfashixiandeyingjianjichu，yeshiweilairengongzhinengshidaidezhanlvezhigaodian，danyouyumuqiande aisuanfawangwangdougejuyoulie，zhiyoujitamenshedingyigeheshidechangjingcainengzuihaodifahuiqizuoyong，yinci，quedingyingyonglingyujiuchengweifazhanaixinpiandezhongyaoqianti。
congxinpianfazhandedaqushilaikan，xianzaihaishiaixinpiandechujijieduan。wulunshikeyanhaishichanyeyingyongdouyoujudadechuangxinkongjian。congquedingsuanfa、yingyongchangjingdeaijiasuxinpianxiangjubeigenggaolinghuoxing、shiyingxingdetongyongzhinengxinpianfazhanshijishufazhandebiranfangxiang。weilaijinianaixinpianchanyejiangchixuhuore，gongsizhaduijinru，danyehenkenenghuichuxianyipichujuzhe，xingyexipai，zuizhongdechenggongyufouzejiangqujueyugejiagongsijishulujingdexuanzehechanpinluodidesudu。
二、半导体行业周期：下一个黄金十年
fenxibandaotishichangdelishi（ruxiatu），womenhuikandaodianxingdezhouqixingxianxiang，jimeigezhouqidouhuiyouyigemingxingyingyongzuoweifadongjiqudongbandaotishichangkuaisushangsheng，erzaigaimingxingyingyongdequdonglibuzushibandaotishichangjiuhuixianruyuanditabushenzhishuaitui，zhidaoxiayigemingxingyingyongchuxianzaiciyinlingzengzhang。zheixiemingxingyingyongbaokuo90niandaidepc，21shijidiyigeshiniandeshoujiyidongtongxin，yiji2010nianqianhoukaishidezhinengshouji。zailianggemingxingyingyongzhijianzekeyikandaomingxiandebandaotishichanghuidiao，liru1996-1999nianzhijianneiduanshijianchuyupcheshoujizhijiandeqinghuangbujie，er2008-2009nianzeshichuantongyidongtongxinhezhinengshoujizhijiandediaozheng。
bandaotiguoqudeshinian，shiyiiphoneweishoudezhinengshoujidaidongdehuangjinshinian。xianzaidebandaotixingye，jijiangjinrulianggemingxingyingyongchuxianzhijiandediaozhengqi。
sheijiangchengweiyinlingbandaotixiayigehuangjinshiniandemingxingyingyong？
yigeyingyongduiyuzhenggebandaotixingyedequdongzuoyongkeyifenweiliangbufen，jiyingyongdexinpianchuhuoliangyijijishuqudongli。
bandaotixingyeshiyigeshifenkanzhongchuhuoliangdelingyu，zhiyouyingyongdexinpianchuhuoliangzugoudashi，zheigeshichangcainengrongxiazugouduodejingzhenggongsi，congerqudongbandaotixingye。youxieyingyongshichangzongehenda，danshiqizoudeshigaoshoujiagaolirunlvdemoshi，xinpianchuhuoliangfanerbuda，zheiyangdehuaqiduiyubandaotixingyedequdongzuoyongjiuyouxian。
chulechuhuoliangzhiwai，lingyigezhongyaoyinsushiyingyongdejishuqudongli，jigaiyingyongshifouduiyubandaotijishudegengxinyouzheqianglieerchixudeyaoqiu，yinweizhiyoudangbandaotijishuyizhizaikuaisugengxindiedaishi，bandaotixingyecainengshiyigegaofujiazhidechaoyangxingye，cainengxiyinzuihaoderencaiyijizibenjinru，fouzeyidanbandaotijishugengxinhuanman，zhenggexingyejiuhuixianrujianghuadejumian。
pcshidaidepcjijiushiduibandaotiyouqiangliejishuqudonglidedianxing，pcshangdeduomeitiyingyongduiyuchuliqisuduyouzheyongbumanzudexuqiu，erzheiyouzhuanhuachengleduiyuchuliqixiangguanbandaotijishuqianglieerchixudegengxinxuqiu，zhijietuidonglemoerdinglvhebandaotixingyezai90niandaidehuangjinshiqi。
fanzhi，youyixieyingyongdechuhuolianghendadanshiqiduiyubandaotidejishuqudonglibingbuda，liruchuantongjiadianzhongdezhukongmcuxinpian，zheixiemcuxinpianchuhuolianghenda，danshizaijishushangbingmeiyouqiangliedejinbuxuqiu，bushaochuantongjiadianduonianruyiriyizhizaiyongchengshubandaotigongyishixiande8weimcu，neimezheiyangdeyingyongduiyubandaotilaishuoshizhishangyinlingzuoyongyebijiaoyouxian。
yingyongchuhuoliangjuedinglebandaotixingyedehengxiangshichangguimo，erjishuqudonglizejuedinglebandaotijishudezongxiangjinhuadongneng。huiguzhiqianjigechengweibandaotixingyefadongjidemingxingyingyong，wubushichuhuolianghejishuqudonglishuangshuanglingxian。
pcchuhuoliang（zaidangshi）henda，qieshidangnianmoerdinglvhuangjinshidaidezhutuizhe；yidongshoujizaichuhuolianghendadetongshihaituidonglecmos／iii-vzugongyishepinxiangguandianlushejijishudedafujinzhan；zhinengshoujizegengshiqudongleduoxiangbandaotixinpianxiangguanjishudefazhan，liru2.5dgaojifengzhuang，yongyu3dshibiedejiguangmozu，chumopinghezhiwenxiangguanxinpiandeng，eryigezhinengshoujizhongbaohandebandaotixinpianshuliangcongshepinqianduan、cunchuqidaoguanxingchuanganqishuliangyejiduo，yinciqinengchengqibandaotideshangyigehuangjinshinian。
suoyi，nengchengqixiayigebandaotihuangjinshiniandeyingyong，biranzaixinpianchuhuolianghejishuqudongli，zheilianggeweidushangdouyouqiangjingdedongli。
congzheigeguandianchufa，keyifaxian：
zhicunzaiyuyunduandeyunaixinpian，shizuoweiyizhongjichusheshichuxiande，guigendaodishifuwu2bkehu，yinciyunaixinpiandechuhuoliangxiangbizhinengshoujizheiyangdezhinengshebeiyaoxiaohenduo。jishuqudonglihenqiang，danshichuhuoliangxiangduijiaoxiao。
iotdechuhuolianghenda，danshiduiyubandaotijishufazhandequdonglijiubijiaoyouxian。
qichedianzidezengzhangdianzhuyaohaishiqichedezhinenghua，baokuozidongjiashi，chelianwangdengdeng，danshiqichedianzidechuhuoliangbiqizhinengshoujishebeishaohenduo。
yishangsanzhongyingyongsuiranyoujudadekongjian，danhaibunengchengweizhichengliliang。
nenggouqidaozhichengzuoyongde，tuiceyinggaishizaidangqianzhinengshoujijichushangfazhanqilaidexiayidaigerenzhinengshebei，kenengshiyiaishoujidexingshichengxian。shoujishouxianchuhuolianghenda，jihurenshouyige；ciwaiaishoujishangyunxingdeyingyongchengxudebuduangengxindiedaiduiyushoujizhongdexinpianjishutichuleqianglieerchixudejishujinhuaxuqiu，yinciqiduiyubandaotixingyedejishuqudonglijiqiang。
一、类脑芯片
zheileiaixinpianshuyushenjingnitaixinpian，congjiegoucengmianqumonidanao，cankaorennaoshenjingyuanjiegouherennaoganzhirenzhifangshilaishejixinpian，sucheng“leinaoxinpian”。
leinaoxinpianzaijiagoushangzhijietongguomofangdanaojiegoujinxingshenjingnitaijisuan，wanquankaipilelingyitiaoshixianrengongzhinengdedaolu，erbushizuoweirengongshenjingwangluohuoshenduxuexidejiasuqicunzai。leinaoxinpiankeyijiangneicun、cpuhetongxinbujianwanquanjichengzaiyiqi，shixianjigaodetongxinxiaolvhejididenenghao。muqiangaileixinpianhaizhishixiaoguimoyanjiuyuyingyong，dinenghaodeyoushiyedailaiyucejingdubugaodengwenti，meiyougaoxiaodexuexisuanfazhichishideleinaoxinpiandejinhuajiaoman，haibunengzhenzhengshixianshangyong。
muqianshenjingnitaixinpiandeshejifangfazhuyaofenweifeiguiheguijishu。feiguizhuyaozhicaiyongyizuqidengxinxingcailiaoheqijiandajiandeshenjingxingtaixinpian，haichuyuyanjiujieduan。guijishubaokuomoniheshuziliangzhong。monijichengdianludedaibiaoshiruishisulishilianbangligongxueyuanderollsxinpianhehaidebaodaxuedebrainscalesxinpian。shuzijichengdianluyoufenweiyibutongbuhunhehechuntongbuliangzhong。qizhongyibu（wuquanjushizhong）shuzidianludedaibiaoshiibmdetruenorth，chuntongbudeshuzidianludaibiaoshiqinghuadaxuede“tianji”xiliexinpian。
lingwai，duiyupianshangzixuexinengli，zuijininteltuichuleloihixinpian，daiyouzizhupianshangxuexinengli，tongguomaichonghuojianfengchuandixinxi，bingzidongdiaojietuchuqiangdu，nenggoutongguohuanjingzhongdegezhongfankuixinxijinxingzizhuxuexi。zhongguoyanjiuleinaoxinpiandeqiyehaiyou：xijingkeji，lingxikeji，shensichuangxindeng。
二、可重构通用AI芯片
zheileiaixinpianzunxunruanjiandingyixinpiansixiang，shijiyukezhonggoujisuanjiagoudexinpian，jianjuchuliqidetongyongxingheasicdegaoxingnengyudigonghao，shiweilaitongyongaixinpiandefangxiangzhiyi。
kezhonggoujisuanjishuyunxuyingjianjiagouhegongnengsuiruanjianbianhuaerbianhua，jianjuchuliqidetongyongxingheasicdegaoxingnenghedigonghao，shishixianruanjiandingyixinpiandehexin，beigongrenweishitupoxingdexiayidaijichengdianlujishu。qinghuadaxueweidianzixueyanjiusuoshejideaixinpianthinker，caiyongkezhonggoujisuanjiagou，nenggouzhichijuanjishenjingwangluo、quanlianjieshenjingwangluohediguishenjingwangluodengduozhongaisuanfa。
zhideyitideshi，darpazaidianzizhenxingjihua（eri）zhongtichulesangezhizhu：cailiao、jiagou、sheji，yongyuzhichengmeiguo2025 - 2030nianzhijiandeguojiadianzishejinengli。zheiqizhongmeiyigefangxiangdoushezhileyigeketi，qizhongyigeketizaijiagouzhongtichuleruanjiandingyiyingjiandegainian，yejiushi software defines hardware。
erizhongjiangdao：suoweiyaochuangjianyunxingshikeyishishizhongxinpeizhideyingjianheruanjian，tamenjubeixiangasicyiyangdexingneng，ermeiyouxishengshujumijixingjisuandekebianchengxing。
xianjindeaixinpianzaimouxiejutirenwushangkeyidafuchaoyuerendenengli，danjiuqitongyongxingyushiyingxing，yurenleizhinengxiangbichajushenyuan，daduochuyuduitedingsuanfadejiasujieduan。eraixinpiandezuizhongchengguojiangshitongyongaixinpian，bingqiezuihaoshidanhuarengongganyudezixuexi、zishiyingxinpian。yinciweilaitongyong aixinpianyingbaohanyixiatezheng。
1）kebianchengxing：shiyingsuanfadeyanjinheyingyongdeduoyangxing。
2）jiagoudedongtaikebianxing：nengshiyingbutongdesuanfa，shixiangaoxiaojisuan。
3）gaoxiaodejiagouzhonggounenglihuozixuexinengli。
4）gaojisuanxiaolv：bimianshiyongzhilingzheileidixiaolvdejiagou。
5）gaonengliangxiaolv：nenghaobidayu5 tops/w（jimeiwatejinxing5×10^12ciyunsuan）。
6）dichengbendigonghao：nenggoujinruwulianwangshebeijixiaofeileidianzizhong。
7）tijixiao：nenggoujiazaizaiyidongzhongduanshang。
8）yingyongkaifajianbian：buxuyaoyonghujubeixinpianshejifangmiandezhishi。
duiyukezhonggoujiagou，dajiakenengjuedefpgazaojiukeyizheiyangzuole，danshijishangfpgayouhenduojuxianxing，baokuoyixiazheixie：
xilidu：youyuyaoshixianbitejiyunsuan，yunsuankelidubixuweixilidu；
peizhixinxiliangda：tongchangweijizhaodaoshijizhaozijie；
peizhishijianzhang：tongchangxuyaoshijihaomiaodaojishihaomiao；
jingtaibiancheng：yidanpeizhiwancheng，bukegenggai。ruguoyaogaibian fpga degongneng，zhinengxiadianhuozaixianzhongxinzairupeizhixinxi；
luojibukefuyong：suoyoudianlubixuquanbuzhuangrufpga ，fuyongxingweiling；
mianjixiaolvdi：meigelutzhinengshixianyiweiyunsuan，mianjixiaolvzhiyou5%。yigeqianwanjidefpgazhinengshixianjishiwanmendeluojidianlu；
nengliangxiaolvdi：youyuluojiliyonglvdi，yinfawuxiaogonghaojuda；
xuyaotezhonggongyi：fpga wangwangxuyaozuixianjindezhizaogongyi，qiexuduigongyijinxingtebiediaozheng；
dianlushejijishu：yingyongzhebixujubeidianlushejizhishihejingyan；
chengbengaoang：muqiandefpgajiageweijiqiandaojiwanmeiyuanyipian。
muqianshangmeiyouzhenzhengyiyishangdetongyongaixinpiandansheng，erjiyukezhonggoujisuanjiagouderuanjiandingyixinpian（software defined chip）huoxushitongyongaixinpiandechulu。
airuhechixushentoupinganchengshi？anfangqiyeweihefenfen“jinjun”shangye？zhihuijiaotongchule“danao”haigaiguanzhushenme？ruhezhuazhunjiatingshequanquanlingsandeshichang？
2019nian5yue23/24ri，yioujiangjubangiis2019zhongguozhihuichengshifenghui，bencifenghuijiangyanxuqianliangcihuidezhuti，yaoqingzhimingzhuanjiaxuezhe、xingyelongtouqiye、biaoganchuchuangqiye、zhimingtouzirendeng，jujiaojishuzaizhihuichengshilingyu（pinganchengshi、zhinengshangye、zhihuijiaotong、jiatingshequanquan）deyingyongxianzhuangjiweilaifazhan。
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