英特尔三星绯闻不断，14nm争夺战别有洞天

【编者按】目前来看，14nm制程主要用于中高端AP/SoC、GPU、矿机ASIC、FPGA、汽车半导体等制造。对于各厂商而言，该制程也是收入的主要来源，特别是英特尔，14nm是其目前的主要制程工艺，以该公司的体量而言，其带来的收入可想而知。而对于中国大陆本土的晶圆代工厂来说，特别是中芯国际和华虹，正在开发14nm制程技术，距离量产时间也不远了。这样，在两三年后，随着新产能的成熟，14nm制程的市场格局值得期待。

在半导体制造领域，10nm、7nm及更先进制程的竞争正在变得越来越不激烈，其主要原因自然是投入巨大、风险高，愿意进入的玩家越来越少，目前只剩下台积电、和英特尔这三家了，zheilixianranchengweilemaifangshichang，conggedakehuweihuodezugoudetaijidian7nmchannengerzhengpotouzheiyidianjiukejianyiban。

先进产能竞争不激烈，而成熟的28nm制程则已经显得有些过剩。此时，居于两者中间位置的14nm制程显然成为了当下的中坚力量，承载着市场上绝大多数中高端dezhizao，tebieshigongye、qiche、wulianwangdeng，yongyoupangdadeshichangkongjian，14nmzhichengzhengdangqishi。

muqianlaikan，14nmzhichengzhuyaoyongyuzhonggaoduanap/soc、gpu、kuangjiasic、fpga、qichebandaotidengzhizao。duiyugechangshangeryan，gaizhichengyeshishourudezhuyaolaiyuan，tebieshiyingteer，14nmshiqimuqiandezhuyaozhichenggongyi，yigaigongsidetiliangeryan，qidailaideshourukexiangerzhi。erduiyuzhongguodalubentudejingyuandaigongchanglaishuo，tebieshizhongxinguojihehuahong，zhengzaikaifa14nmzhichengjishu，juliliangchanshijianyebuyuanle。zheiyang，zailiangsannianhou，suizhexinchannengdechengshu，14nmzhichengdeshichanggejuzhideqidai。

目前来看，具有或即将具有14nm制程产能的厂商主要有7家，分别是：英特尔、台积电、三星、格罗方德、联电、中芯国际和华虹。

xiatusuoshiwei6jiachangshangdegezhongzhichenggongyiliangchanshijian，qizhonglvsebufenwei14nmde。

图源：西南证券

执着的英特尔与三星传绯闻

zi2015nianzhengshituichu14nmzhichenghou，yingteeryijingduiqiyilaile4niandeshijian，gaizhichengyeweizheijiabandaotijutoudailailefeichangkeguandeshouru。congskylake（14nm）、kaby lake（14nm+）、coffee lake（14nm++），dao2018niantuichude14nm+++，gaigongsiyizhizaibaochidui14nmzhichengdegengxin。eryingteeryuanjihuazai2016niantuichu10nm，danjinglileduociyanchi，2019niancaishanshanlaichi，congzheiliyekeyikanchugaigongsidui14nmzhichengdeyizhongchengdu。

tongwei14nmzhicheng，youyuyingteeryangezhuiqiumoerdinglv，yinciqizhichengdeshuipingheyanjindushizuigaode，jiumuqianyifabudejishulaikan，yingteerchixugengxinde14nmzhichengyutaijidiande10nmdazhitongji。

zheilihaikejiujutidecanshuzhibiao，yusanxinghetaijidianzuogebijiao，yingteeryu2014nianfabule14nmzhicheng，qijiedianmeipingfanghaomiyou3750wangejingtiguan，taijidian16nmzhicheng（gaigongsimeiyou14nmzhicheng，danqi16nmyushichangshangde14nmtongji）jiedianmeipingfanghaomiyueyou2900wangejingtiguan，sanxing14nmjiedianmeipingfanghaomiyueyou3050wangejingtiguan。ciwai，yingteerde14nmjiedianzhajizhangduwei24nm，youyutaijidiande33nm，yeyouyusanxingde30nm。yingteer14nmjiediandeqipiangaoduwei53nm，youyutaijidiande44nm，yijisanxingde49nm。

jinnian5yue，yingteerchengjiangyudi3jiduzengjia14nmzhichengchanneng，yijiejuecpushichangdequehuowenti。

raner，yingteergongsizijide14nmchannengyijingmanzai，yinci，gaigongsitouru15yimeiyuan，yongyukuoda14nmchanneng，yujikezaijinniandi3jiduzengjiachanchu。qi14nmzhichengxinpianzhuyaozaimeiguoyalisangneizhoujielegangded1xjingyuanchangshengchan，haiwai14nmjingyuanchangshiweiyuaierlandefab 24，muqianhaizaishengji14nmgongyi。

sanxingfangmian，gaigongsiyu2015nianxuanbuzhengshiliangchan14nm finfetzhicheng，xianhouweipingguohegaotongdaigongguogaoduanshoujichuliqi。muqianlaikan，qi14nmchannengshichangzhanyoulvjinciyuyingteerhetaijidian。

qianmiantidao，yingteerde14nmchannengchijin，yijingnanyimanzushichangxuqiu，zaizheiyangdebeijingxia，jinnian6yue，youmeitibaodaocheng，sanxingheyingteerzhengzaijiu14nm rocket lakexinpiandeshengchanjinxingtanpan。

zi2018nianxiabannianyilai，yingteerzaishengjihechuangjianyongyushengchan10nmxinpiandexinshengchanxianfangmiantouruledaliangzijin，danyaoxiangkuodaguimohaixuyaojinianshijian。zaiciqijian，yingteerbixutigaoqi14nmxinpiandechanliang。yinci，chuanwentajiangyibufencpuzhuanyousanxingdaigong，xiwangnenggoujiejuechannengbuzudewenti。

youyucunchuxinpianshichangpiruan，duisanxingdeyingshouchanshenglehendayingxiang，yinci，sanxingdejingyuandaigongchannengliyonglvxiajiang，xiangxunzhaoxinkehu，gaotongheyingteershiqizhuyaodezhengquduixiang。

jubaodao，sanxingjiangyumingniandisijidukaishidaguimoshengchanyingteerde14nm rocket lakexinpian，ruguociyanbuxudehua，sanxingzhizaodeshoukuancpujiangyu2021nianshangshi。

不一样的台积电

taijidianyu2015xiabannianliangchan16nm finfetzhicheng。yusanxingheyingteerxiangbi，jinguantamendejiedianmingmingyousuobutong，sanxingheyingteershi14nm，taijidianshi16nm，danzaishijizhichenggongyishuipingshangchuyutongyishidai。

dao2018niandierjidu，taijidiande16nmhe20nmzhichengduigaigongsideyingshougongxianlvwei25%，zhuyaochanpinfenweiliangdalei：yishiluojiqijian，baokuozhonggaoduanshoujiap/soc、jidaixinpian、cpu、gpu、kuangjiasic，yijifpgadeng；ershishepinxinpian，baokuogaoduanshoujidewifi、lanya、nfcxinpian，5ghaomiboxinpian，yijiqichedianziyongxinpiandeng。

例如，寒武纪的MLU100，以及比特大陆开发的AI张量计算芯片BM1680，均采用了台积电的16nm工艺制造。

格罗方德与联电14nm制程占比有限

2018nian8yue，geluofangdexuanbufangqi7nm lpzhichengyanfa，jianggengduoziyuantourudao12nmhe14nmzhicheng。

juxi，geluofangdezhidingleliangtiaogongyiluxiantu：yishifinfet，zheifangmian，gaigongsiyou14lpphexinde12lpp（14lppdao7lpdeguodubanben）；ershifd-soi，geluofangdemuqianzaichandeshi22fdx，dangkehuxuyaoshi，haihuifabu12fdx。yinci，14nmshigeluofangdezuixianjindezhuliuzhichenggongyi，weiyumeiguoniuyuezhoumaerta，zheilichule14nm，haiyou28nmde，zuidachannengwei6wanpianjingyuan/yue，zhuyaocaiyong12yingcunjingyuan。zhuyaoyongyudaigonggaoduanchuliqi。muqianlaikan，14nmchannengzhanqizongyingshoudebilijiaoxiao。

liandianfangmian，gaigongsiweiyutainandefab 12ayu2002nianjinruliangchan，muqianyiyunyong14nmzhichengweikehudaigongchanpin。

然而，联电的14nm制程占比只有3%左右，并不是其主力产线。zheiyugaigongsidefazhancelvezhijiexiangguan，liandianzhongdianfazhanteshugongyi，wulunshi8cunchang，haishi12cun，gaigongsihuijujiaozaigezhongxindeteshugongyifazhanshang，youqishizhenduiwulianwang、5gheqichedianzizheixiezaiweilaijuyoujudashichanghefazhanqianjingdeyingyonglingyu，liandiandeqichedianziyewu，zuijinjiniandenianzengzhanglvdouchaoguole30%。baokuorf、mems、lcd driver ic、oled driver icdenglingyu。

14nm finfetzhichengfangmian，liandianyu2017nianchukaishiliangchan，gaigongsihaikaifalediertao14nmpingtai，danshi，zaijixutouzi14nmzhichengfangmian，gaigongsichibaoshoutaidu。

中国大陆14nm制程呼之欲出

xiangduiyumei、hanhetaiwandiqu，zhongguodaluzai14nmzhichengfangmianshijueduidegensuizhe，jingguoduoniandeyanfanuli，qudeleyidingdetupo，juliliangchanshijianyebuyuanle，youwangyu2020nianshixian，zhongxinguojijiangbanyanzhuyaodetuidongzhe，qicishihuahongjituandehualiweidianzi。

zhongxinguojifangmian，qi14nm finfetyijinrukehushiyanjieduan，2019niandierjizaishanghaigongchangtouruxinshebei，guihuaxiabannianjinruliangchanjieduan，weilai，qishouge14nmzhichengkehuhenkenengshishoujixinpianchangshang。juxi，2019nian，zhongxinguojidezibenzhichuyou2018niande18yimeiyuantishengdaole22yimeiyuan。

2019nian2yue，zhongxinguojilianxishouxizhixingguanliangmengsongzhichu：“womennulichuangjianxianjingongyiquanfangweidejiejuefangan，tebiezhuanzhuzaifinfetjishudejichudazao，pingtaidekaizhan，yijikehuguanxidedajian。muqian，zhongxinguoji14nmjishujinrukehuyanzhengjieduan，chanpinkekaoduyulianglvyijinyibutisheng。tongshi，12nmdegongyikaifayequdetupo。”

据悉，中芯国际14nm制程量产主要分三个阶段：第一阶段是成本>ASP，第二阶段成本与 ASP相抵，第三阶段成本

hualiweidianzifangmian，zainianchudesemicon china 2019xianjinzhizaoluntanshang，gaigongsiyanfafuzongcaishaohuafabiaoyanjiangshibiaoshi，hualiweidianzijinnianniandijiangliangchan28nm hkc+gongyi，2020niandijiangliangchan14nm finfetgongyi。

结语

目前来看，英特尔、三星和台积电依然是14nm制程的主力军，也是它们主要的营收来源，其次是格罗方德和联电，但这两家的14nm产能相对来说很有限，而且也不是它们的发展重点。yinci，zaizheigeyoujudayingshouguimodeshichang，qiansandawanjiadouzaijijifazhan10nm、7nmjigengxianjinzhicheng，disihediwuwanjiadechannengyouhenyouxiandeqingkuangxia，jilewoguobentujingyuandaigongchangshangbucuodefazhanjiyu，guanjianshiyaozhuajinshijianliangchan，bingbaozhengchannenghelianglv。zhiyaogenduileshijiandian，haishidayoukeweide。

相关阅读推荐：

jijianggaibianbandaotixingye，3dicjingyuanshangyongdayoukewei

xiantongxingwangshi，huochengjiuzhenggemeiguobandaotifanrong