上一篇：电子烟的蒙眼狂奔
经过长期的发展和探索，在近几年人工智能不断取得突破性的进展，无论是人脸识别、语音识别、机器翻译、视频监控，还是交通规划、无人驾驶、智能陪伴、舆情监控、智慧农业等，人工智能似乎涵盖了人类生产生活的方方面面。未来是人工智能的时代，作为实现人工智能技术的重要基石，AI智能yongyoujudadechanyejiazhihezhanlvediwei。
aizhinengxinpianqishishishuyugaoduanxinpiandeyilei，jinliangnianzaizhongmeimaoyizhengduandebeijingxia，woguodexinpianchanyebeipinpin“dianxue”，zheiyerangwomenkaishizhongshixinpiandefazhan。biekanyikuaixiaoxiaodexinpian，neibujichengshuyiyijidedianlu， guangfanyongyudiannao、shouji、jiadian、qiche、gaotie、dianwang、yiliaoyiqi、jiqiren、gongyekongzhidenggezhongdianzichanpinhexitong，tashigeguojingxiangjiaozhude“guozhizhongqi”,yeshiyigeguojiagaoduanzhizaonenglidezonghetixian。ruguomeiyouxinpian，zhongguodexuduogaoduanxingyedefazhanjunhuishoudaoxianzhi，zheiyeshimeiguoyao“weidu”womendezhongyaoyuanyin。
zongguanxinpiandelishi，suiranwoguozhangqichuyuzhuigantaishi，danyufadaguojiachajurengranfeichangda。xinpiandaodishishenme？youshiruheyibuyibufazhandaoaizhinengxinpiandechengdude？benwenyixinpiandaoaizhinengxinpiandefazhanlishiweiguiji，lailejiexiaaizhinengxinpiande“qianshijinsheng”。
womenkandaodexiaoxiaoxinpian，queyanyizhezheigeshijiejianduandekeji，tabianbulexiaofeidianzi、qichedianzi、gongyezidonghua、jinrongxitong、guofangjungongdenggegelingyu，weigexinggeyeshixianxinxihua、 zhinenghuadiandinglejichu，xinpiandefazhanzhengzaigaibianzhezheigeshijie。
关于芯片的发展可以追溯到晶体管的诞生。在1947年，科学家威廉·肖克利、约翰·巴顿和沃特·布拉顿三人在美国贝尔实验室发明了全球第一个晶体管，他们也因此共同荣获了1956年诺贝尔物理学奖。在这之前人类已经发明了电子管，在1942使用了17468只电子管、7200只电阻、10000只电容、50万条线，耗电量150千瓦制造了第一台计算机，这是一个占地150平方米、重达30吨的庞然大物。如果可以把这些分立器件和线路集中制作在一块介质基片上，可以大大缩小体积，提高可靠性，这就是初期集成电路的构想。晶体管的出现使这种想法成为了可能，它替代了真空管的功能，很快为电子计算机所用，它把电子管做的计算机缩小为几个机柜。
1958nian，zaidezhouyiqi（texas instruments，ti）jiuzhidejieke·jierbiyizhe（ge）chendi，jiangjigejingtiguan、dianzu、dianronglianjiezaiyiqi，chenggongyanzhichushijieshangdiyikuaijichengdianlu。suirankanqilaibingbumeiguan，danshishizhengming，qigongzuoxiaonengyaobishiyonglisandebujianyaogaodeduo。shige42nianzhihoujieke·jierbiyeyincironghuonuobeierwulixuejiang。zaijieke·jierfamingjiyuzhedejichengdianluhoudejigeyue，luobote·nuoyisixiangjifaminglejiyugui（si）dejichengdianlu，dangjinbandaotidaduoshuyingyongdejiushijiyuguidejichengdianlu。
jichengdianludechanshengshidesuoyouyuanjianzaijiegoushangyizuchengyigezhengti，shidianziyuanjianxiangzheweixiaoxinghua、digonghao、zhinenghuahegaokekaoxingfangmianmaijinleyidabu。xinpianjishijiangjichengdianluzhizuozaiyixiaokuaibandaotixinpianshang，ranhoufengzhuangzaiyigeguanqiaonei，chengweijuyousuoxudianlugongnengdeweixingjiegou。
rujinsuizhegongyidebuduanfazhan，xinpiandejichengduyuelaiyuegao，anzhaogedeng·moer1965niantichudemoerdinglvdefazhanqushi——yigexinpianshangdejingtiguanshuliangdayuemei18-24geyuefanyibei，zhichengcong0.5weimi、0.35weimi、0.25weimi、0.18weimi、0.15weimi、0.13weimi、90nami、65nami、45nami、32nami、28nami、22nami、14nami，yizhifazhandaoxianzaide10nami、7nami、5nami……jinjinian，yejiekaishimianlinzhemoerdinglvshixiaodewenti，yinweisuizheguipianshangxianlumidudezengjia，qifuzaxinghechacuolvyejiangchengzhishuzengzhang，kexuejiamenzhengzaisikaocongqitatujinglaiweichimoerdinglvdefazhanqushi。
xingxingsesexinpianzhongleifanduo，danbuwaihumonixinpianheshuzixinpian。monixinpianyongyuceliangmonishijiedeyiqieganzhi，birutuxiang、shengyin、chugan、wendu、shidudengdoukeyiguidaoqizhong。shuzixinpianzebaohanchuliqi（cpu、gpu、mcu、dspdeng）、cunchuqi（dram、nand flash、nor flash）heluojiic（shoujijidai、yitaiwangxinpian）dengdeng。
zaidianzixinxijishukuaisufazhandejintian，womendeshenbianlibukaipc、shouji、pingban、shumaxiangji、qichedianzi、jiayongdianqi，zheixiedianzichanpinzhisuoyinenggouyurenjiaohu，shiyinweitamendeneibudoushiyongdaoleyizhongxinpian——chuliqi。zaibutongdeyingyongchangjingxiadanshenglegezhongleixingdechuliqi，tamenyoubutongdeyunsuansudu、buyiyangdechengben、buyiyangdejiagou、buyiyangdegongneng。rangwomendakaishijianzhanglanglejiedangqianzuiremendejileichuliqidefazhanlishi。
cpu（central processing unit）shidajiazuibumoshengde，womenxianzaisuorenshidecpushiyikuaichaodaguimodejichengdianlu，zaiduijisuanxingnengyaoqiujiaogaodepchefuwuqizhongguangfanyingyong。danshicpudefazhanbingbushiyichuerjiude，jiandanlaishuokeyiyingsheweiintelgongsidefazhanlishi。
1968nian7yue，luobote·nuoyisihegedeng·moercongfairchild semiconductor（xiantongbandaoti/feizhaobandaoti）gongsicizhi，zaiguiguchuangbanleintel（yingteer）gongsi，intelweiyuanziintegrated electronics（jichengdianzi）desuoxie，fenbiexuanquleintegratedde“int”yijielectronicszhongde“el”。dangshigedeng·moershifairchilddeyanfafuzeren，yezhengshizhumingdemoerdinglvdiandingzhe，erluobote·nuoyisigengshilingxiujiderenwu，beishiwei“guiguzhifu”。congciweidadeintelkaiqilepcshichangdehuihuang，zaizhei50niandechuliqifazhanshishang，intelqidaolezhiguanzhongyaodetuidongzuoyong。
inteldediyikuanchuliqishiyu1971niankaifade4weiweichuliqi4004，tapianneizhijichengle2250gejingtiguan，jingtiguanzhijiandejulishi10weimi，zhinengzhixing4weiyunsuan，zupinzhiyou0.74mhz。dangshishiyijiaribenjisuanqigongsizhaointeldingzhishejiweichuliqixitongyongyugongsidedayinshijisuanqichanpinshang，intelba4004zuoweicpu，zuheramxinpian4001、romxinpian4002yijijicunqixinpian4003，tuichulemcs-4shijieshangshougeshangyongweichuliqixitong。youyuinteljiaofuyanqideyuanyin，tuihailegaigongsibufenfeiyong，danshidachenglekeyizaijisuanqizhiwaideshichangziyouchushou4004xinpiandexieyi，zheishijuyouhuashidaideyiyide，ziciintelzhengshijinjunchuliqishichang，cong4004kaishibuduanzhuangda。
1972niantuichu8008，chulinenglishi4004deliangbei，kechuli8weishuju、zupin2mhz，jichengjingtiguandeshuliangdadao3500ge。
1974niantuichu8080，budanjubeigengfuzadezhilingji，haicaiyongle40zhenfengzhuang，liangxianggexinjidadegaibianleweichuliqixingye。
1978niantuichu8086，kechuli16weishuju、zupin5mhz，zheijiushishoukex86xinpian。ibmzaizijishoutaipczhongcaiyongle8086dejingjianban8088，erzheitaipcbeizunweipczhifu。
zhihouxiangjituichule80286、80386、80486，zhidao1993niantuichupentiumchuliqi，congciintelbuzaiyishuzimingmingchuliqi。pentiumshix86xilieyidagexin，tacaiyongle0.60weimizhizaogongyijishu，jingtiguanshudafutigaodao320wange，zengqianglefudianyunsuangongneng、bingbashinianweibiandegongzuodianyajiangzhi3.3v，xingnengdadaolegongzuozhanchuliqideshuiping。
suihoushinianli，intelyoutuichulehenduodaidepentiumchuliqi，daoxianzaidajiapubianshiyongdecpuyijingfazhanweicorexiliei3\i5\i7，intelzaibuduandijishuchuangxinzhongtuidongzhechuliqidegexinshengji，congweimidaonamizhicheng、cong4weidao64weichuli、congjiqiangejingtiguandaojiyige、congjibaikdaojigdezupin……weishijiegedideyonghudailaigengjiajingcaidetiyan。
rutongmeitaipcdouyouyigezuoweidanaodecpuzaizhihuiyiyang，zaigongyekongzhiqi、yiliaoyiqi、jiayongdianqi、bianxieshishebeizhongyedouyouyige“danao”zaidanfuzhekongzhi、yunsuan、xinhaozhuanhuanjichuli、tongxindenggongzuo。zaipczhongjinjinyigecpushibugoude，haixuyaoneicun、yingpandengwaishedexiezuo，zheishidepcdetijihenda。qizhongdeyuanyinshiyigexinpiandanweimianjidemendianlushuliangshiyouxiande，weilemanzugaoxingnengzhinengbaxinpianneisuoyoudejingtiguandoushejiweicpu。dangwomenweilezhuiqiugengxiaotijieryunxuxishengxingnengshi，jiukeyijiangcpu、cunchuqi、i/o……jichengzaiyigexinpianshang，zheiyangjianxiaolexitongdechicun，jiangdishebeidechengben，zheileichuliqijiufazhanchenglemcu（microcontroller unit）。mcuzhengshihezaixiaofeidianzi、gongyekongzhi、qichedianzi、xiaofeidianzidenglingyuguangfanyingyong。
mcujingguobuduandiyanjiuhefazhan，lijinglecong4wei、8wei、16weidaoxianzai32weidefazhanlishi。buguozaoqidemcufazhanrengranshiyiintelshejide4wei、8wei、16weiweichuliqiweiguiji，zhidaoarmchuliqidehengkongchuxian。
1978nian，youaodilijiwulixueboshiheerman·haoze（hermann hauser）hetadeyigepengyou，mingjiaochris currydegongchengshi，zaiyingguojianqiaochuangbanlecpugongsi（cambridge processing unit），zhuyaoyewushizaidangdishichangshejihezhizaodianzishebei，tamendediyidaichanpinacorn system 1juranshizuodubojideweikongzhiqixitong。
suizhegongsijingyingzhujianburuzhengguihou，zai1979nian，cpugongsigaimingweiacorn computer ltd（acornjisuanjigongsi）。acorngongsidejiyulaiziyu1981niandeyigexiangmu，dangshiyingguozhengfuyuyingguoguangbogongsibbczhankaileyigejihua，tamenjihuazaizhenggeyingguobofangyitaotigaodiannaopujishuipingdejiemu，bingqiezhengfuhuichuziyibanfeiyongweiyingguodemeiyijianjiaoshigouzhiyitaidiannao，tamenxiwangacorngongsinengshengchanyikuanyuzhixiangpeitaodediannao。
zheiduiacorngongsishiyigenandedejiyu，tongshiyeshiyigejudadetiaozhan，yinweitamenzaixuanzecpushixianrulekunjing。dangshi，cpudefazhanchaoliuzhengzaicong8weibiancheng16wei，qixianacorngongsidasuanshiyongmeiguoguojiabandaotihuozhemotuoluolagongside16weixinpian，danshipingguhoufaxianxinpianzhixingsudutaiman，shoujiayetaigui。yushizhuanerxiangintelxunqiuhezuo，xiwangduifangtigongguanyu80286chuliqideshejiziliaoheyixieyangpin，danshizaodaoleinteldejujue，beishoudajideacorngongsijuedingzizhuyanfaxinpian。
dangshilaizijianqiaodaxuedejisuanjikexuejiasophie wilsonhesteve furberxinpianyanfafuzeren，qianzhezhugongzhilingjikaifa，houzhefuzexinpiansheji。tamencaiyonglemeiguojiazhoudaxuebokelifenxiaodedavid pattersonjiaoshouzai1979niantichulerisczhilingjijiagou，zheiqiahaokeyimanzutamendexuqiu。
risc（reduced instruction set computer）jianhuadezhilingjishixiangduiyuintelzaineidechuliqisuocaiyongdecisc（complex instruction set computer）fuzazhilingjideyigegainian。suizhecisczhilingjidefazhan，youyuelaiyueduodezhilingjiaruqizhong，danshijishangzhenggechengxude80％zhishiyongleyue20％dezhiling，shengyu20％dechengxuqueshiyongle80％dezhiling。david pattersonjiaoshouzhuzhangyingjianyinggaizhuanxinjiasuchangyongdezhiling，jiaoweifuzadezhilingzeliyongchangyongdezhilingquzuhe。zheiyangyilairiscjingjianlecisczhilingzhongleihegeshi，jianhuaxunzhifangshi，dadaoshengdiangaoxiaodexiaoguo。
zai1985nianacorntuichuletamenzijidediyidai32wei、6mhzdechuliqiarm1（acorn risc machine），duibiaodeshiintelde80286chuliqi，buguojiuzaitongyinian，intelfabule80386shidearm1wanquanchuyulieshidiwei。youyuarmcaiyongleriscjingjianzhilingji，suoyigonghaoxiao、jiagebianyi，tebieheshiyidongshebei，zhenghaokeyixuanzeyuintelbutongdeshejiluxian——intelchixumaixiangx86gaoxiaonengsheji，armzezhuanzhuyudichengben、digonghaodeyanfafangxiang。
zhihouacornluxutuichulearm2、arm3dengjigexilie。youyushiheyuyidongshebei，yincizai1990nian，acornyupingguoyiqichenglileyijiaarm（advanced risc machines）gongsi，pingguotoule150wanyingbang，xinpianchangshangvlsitoule25wanyingbang，acornbenshenyi150wanyingbangdezhishichanquanhe12minggongchengshirugu。cishiarmzuochuleyigegaibianchanpincelvedejueding——buzaishengchanxinpian，eryishouquandefangshi，jiangxinpianshejifanganzhuanrangjiqitagongsi，shouquyicixingjishushouquanfeiyonghebanshuiticheng。zhengshizheizhongmoshi，kaichuangleshuyuarmdequanxinshidai，xingchengleyigeyiarmweihexindeshengtaiquan。
1991年，ARM将产品授权给英国GEC Plessey半导体公司。1993年，ARM将产品授权给Cirrus Logic和德州仪器（Texas Instruments，TI）。此后，包括、xiapudenggongsidoucanyudaolezheizhongshouquanmoshizhong，yuarmchuangjianlehezuoguanxi，daomuqianweizhiarmhezuoshequbaohanle1200duoweihuoban。
armdezhenzhengbaofahaishideyiyuyidongshoujidebaofa，tebieshiiphonederexiao，yushiquanqiuyidongyingyongdouchedibangdingzaiarmzhilingjishang，chulepingguoyingyongwai，gugetuichuleandroidxitong，yeshijiyuarmzhilingji，jiulianinteldelianmengweiruangongsi，yexuanbuwindows8pingtaijiangzhichiarmjiagou，zheishiarmzaiyidongshebeishichangdefenechaoguo90%。
dangqianarmchuliqijiazuchengyuanyicortexmingming，fenbieweicortex-a、cortex-r、cortex-m，tamenzaitexingshangzhenduiyubutongdeyingyongchangjing。cortex-azhenduizhinengshouji、pingbandiannaozheileixiaofeiyulechanpin，cortex-rmianxiangruqichezhidongxitong、donglichuandongzheileijiejuefangan，cortex-mxiliemianxiangzhenduichengbenhegonghaomingandeweikongzhiqilingyuyingyong。
kejianarmheshiinteljieranxiangfandezhanlveluxian，intelyizhiyilaijianchiquanchanyelianshangyemoshi，erarmshikaifangdehezuogongyingmoshi，wulunruhetamendoushidangjinchuliqilingyudejuren。
congcpufazhanchulaichuliqichulemcuzhiwai，lingwaibijiaoremenyoudsp（digital signal processing/processor）shuzixinhaochulihefpga（field－programmable gate array）xianchangkebianchengmenzhenlie。
dspzhuyaoyingyongyushuzixinhaochulizheimenxinxingdexuekejishu。zaidspchuxianzhiqianshuzixinhaochulishiyikaoweichuliqilaiwanchengde，suizheyuelaiyuepangdaxinxiliang，weichuliqiwufamanzukuaisufuliyebianhuan、shuzilvbo、juzhenyunsuandengxuyaodaliangchengjiafayunsuancanyudegaosuxinhaochuli，yushipoqiedexuyaoyileikuaisuchulishuzixinhaodechuliqixinpian。
1979nianmeiguointelgongsifabudeshangyongkebianchengqijian2920shidspxinpiandeyigezhuyaolichengbei，buguoneibubingmeiyouxiandaidspxinpiansuobixuyoudedanzhouqichengfaqi。zai1980nian，ribennecgongsituichudempd7720shidiyigejuyouyingjianchengfaqideshangyongdspxinpian，congerbeirenweishidiyikuaidanpiandsp。
suizhedaguimojichengdianlujishuhebandaotijishudefazhan，dspchaozhegaosudu、digonghao、gongnengqiangdadengfangxiangkuaisutigao，tuidongzheshuzixinhaochulijishuzaigegeyanjiulingyuzhongguangfandeyingyong。meiguodezhouyiqigongsi（texas instruments，ti）zai1982niantuichutms32010jiqixiliechanpin，yunsuansuduyijingbiweichuliqikuailejishibei，daomuqianwulunshiyunsuansudu、cunchurongliang，haishixitongjichengdudouyijingyoulezhidefeiyue，bujinzaitongxin、jisuanjilingyudaxianshenshou，erqiezhujianshentoudaorenmenderichangshenghuolingyu。
fpgazhuyaozhenduiyudingzhizhuanyongjichengdianlu（asic）deyingyong。zaoqishejishixiwangasicdeshejizhouqijinkenengduan，zuihaoshizaishiyanshilishejichuheshidexinpian，bingqielijitourushijiyingyongzhizhong，yushichuxianlexianchangkebianchengluojiqijian(fpld)。fpgazeshizaipal、gal、cplddengkebianchengqijiandejichushangjinyibufazhandechanwu。
1985nian，xilinxgongsituichudequanqiudiyikuanfpgachanpinxc2064，caiyangyong2μmgongyi，baohan64geluojimokuaihe85000gejingtiguan，menshuliangbuchaoguo1000ge。daole2007nian，fpgayejieshuangxiongxilinxhealteragongsituichulecaiyongzuixin65nmgongyidefpgachanpin，qimenshuliangyijingdadaoqianwanji，jingtiguangeshugengshichaoguo10yige。suihoudegongyicong150nm 、130nm、90nm、65nm……fpgayezaibuduandijingenbingtuidongzhebandaotigongyidejinbu。
fpgaxiangbiyucpu、mculaishuo，taliyongmendianluzhijiebingxingyunsuan，sudufeichangkuai，tongshikeyitongguobianchengyuyanziyoudingyimendianluhecunchuqizhijiandebuxian，dingzhixinpianfangan，muqianshiaixinpianfeichangheshidefanganzhiyi。
duiyuaixinpiankeyilijieweimianxiang aiyingyongdechuliqixinpian，tashuyuaihechuliqixinpianliangdalingyudejiehe。dangqiansuizherengongzhinengdepengbofazhan，aixinpianyijingchengweilezuizhishoukeredetouzilingyu，chuleintel、nvidia、armzheixielaopaidexinpianchangshangwai，google、facebook、weiruanzheiyangdehulianwanggongsiyejinjunaixinpianshichang。
aiyingyongzhongtongchangbaokuojiyushendushenjingwangluodegeleisuanfa，yijituxiangshibie、shipinjiansuo、yuyinshibie、shengwenjiance、sousuofadongjiyouhua、zidongjiashidengrenwu，qizhongzuiguanjiandenenglishi“xunlian”he“tuili”，er“xunlian”shiconghailiangdeshujuzhongwanchengtezhengdexuexi，zheixuyaojigaodejisuanxingnenghejiaogaodejingdu。weilezhichiaidejisuanxingnenghejingdu，lixiangdeaixinpianxuyaojubeigaodubingxingdechulinengli，zhichigezhongshujuleixingdefudianjisuan，yijiyongyucunchuhailiangshujudecunchuqidaikuan。
muqianshiheaidechuliqiyougpu（graphics processing unit）、fpga（field-programmable gate array）、dsp（digital signal processing）heasic（application specific integrated circuits）deng，yejiegedachangshangtamenjiehezishendetediantuichulebutongdefangan，muqianzhuyaoyouliangzhongshejisilu：liyongyiyoudegpu、fpga、dsp、duohechuliqidengxinpianshixian；shejizhuanyongdeasicxinpianshixian。zheiyechengweilezhenglundejiaodian——nageaixinpianfanganshizuijiadexuanze？
gpushituxingchuliqi，tadeheshuyuanchaoguocpu，youduohezuchengdedaguimobingxingjisuanjiagouzhuanyongyutongshichuliduozhongrenwu。shendushenjingwangluodexunlianguochengzhongjisuanliangjida，erqieshujuheyunsuanshigaodubingxingde，gpujubeijinxinghailiangshujubingxingyunsuandenenglibingqieweifudianshiliangyunsuanpeibeiledaliangjisuanziyuan，yushenduxuexidexuqiubumouerhe，yincizuixianbeiyinruyunxingshenduxuexisuanfa，chengweigaoxingnengjisuanlingyudezhulixinpianzhiyi。intelsuiranyeyougpu，danzhuyaoweijichengxiankashiyong。nvidiayizhizaidulixiankalingyujuyoujueduiyoushi，yincinvidiadegpushimuqianyingyongzuiguangdetongyongaiyingjianjisuanpingtai，zairengongzhinenglingyuwuyiyizhanjuzugoudeyoushi。
nvidiayikaozijizaiailingyuchuangjiandeyoushi，kaifachucudapingtai，tigonglecudnn、nccl、cublasdengzhuduosdkweihezuohuobantigongkaifagongju，zhuburangzhongduohezuohuobanshuxizheizhongshengtai，jinyibugonggutazaiailingyudelingdaodiwei。nvidiadexinpianyingyongshifenpubian，xianzaisuoyoudeairuanjiankudouzhichishiyongcudajiasu，baokuogugedetensorflow，facebookdecaffe，yamaxundemxnetdeng。dangrannvidiadegpuzaifuzachengxuluojikongzhishangrengrancunzailieshi，xuyaoshiyonggaoxingnengcpupeihelaigouchengwanzhengdeaixitong。weilemibuzijizaicpufangmianderuoshi，zai2019nianxuanbuqiyongyuchaojijisuanjidejiasupingtaijiangduiarmjiagoucpuzhichi，jihualiyongqixinpianyushiyongarmjiagoudecpuxiezuodazaoyingyongrengongzhinengdechaojijisuanji。
asicshiyizhongweizhuanyongmudeerdingzhishejidexinpian，zaidaguimoliangchandeqingkuangxiaxiangbiyufpgaxingnenggengqiang、tijigengxiao、gonghaogengdi、chengbengengdi、kekaoxinggenggaodengyoudian。jinnianlaiyuelaiyueduodegongsikaishicaiyongasicxinpianjinxingshenduxuexisuanfajiasu，qizhongzuiweituchudeshi googleweijiqixuexidingzhidezhuanyongchuliqixinpiantpu（tensor processor unit），tazhichi256×256gejuzhenchengfadanyuan、feixianxingshenjingyuanjisuandanyuandengmokuai，zhuanweigoogledeshenduxuexikuangjiatensorflowersheji。
tpushoudaoyejiedeguanzhushiconggoogledealphagodaxianshenweihoukaishi，zuixinyidai alphago zeroyijingjiangcpujiehegpudajianfanganshengjiweiletpu。zai2018niangoogle i/okaifazhedahuishangzhengshifabuletpu3.0，qixingnengxuanchengbiquniandetup2.0tisheng8beizhiduo，dadaomeimiao1000wanyicifudianjisuan，bitongshiqidegpuhuocpupingjuntisu15~30bei，nengxiaobitisheng30~80bei。
fpgaqishiyeshiyizhongdingzhixinpian，zailinghuodufangmian，tajieyucpu、gpudengtongyongchuliqihezhuanyongjichengdianluasiczhijian，tabuxiangzhuanyongjichengdianluasicneiyangyouxinpianchangshangguhuabiancheng，ershizaiyingjiangudingdeqiantixia，yunxushejizhelinghuoshiyongruanjianjinxingbiancheng，yincitadekaifazhouqibiasicduan，buguoxiangduiyupiliangchuhuoasic，dangefpgadechengbenhuigenggao。zaixingnengfangmian，fpgayu gpuxiangbi，jubeigengqiangdejisuannenglihegengdidegonghao。yifpgafanganweidaibiaodechangshangzhuyaoyouintelhexilinx。
intelyijingcuoshileyidongshebeidejueqi，buxiangzaicuoguoduiaixinpianlingyudebuju。weilezengqiangzaiaixinpianlingyudejingzhengli,2015nian12yueintelchizi167yimeiyuanshougoulealteragongsi，zheishiintelyoushiyilaijinezuidadeyicishougou，yiweizheintelxiwangshixiancpuhefpgashencengcijiehelaibujuaixinpianshichang。2017nianintelyoushougoumobileye，xiwangtongguojichengaisuanfayihuodeguanjiandeyoushi。2018nian，intelxuanbushougouxinpianzhizaoshangeasic，tigaofpgasudu，jiangdifpgachengbenhenenghaoxuqiu。inteltongguobaqidegoumaijiangzijitishengdaoaixinpian“wanjia”deqianlie。dangqianintelyouliangtaofpgadezhanlve：dazaocpu+fpgahunheqijian，rangfpgayuchuliqixietonggongzuo；jiyuarria fpgahuostratix fpgadazaokebianchengjiasuka。weiruanzai2018niandebuilddahuishanggongbudeproject brainwaveshenduxuexijiasupingtai，jiushijiyuintel arria fpgahestratix fpgaxinpiansuodazaode。
xilinxshifpgaxinpianjishudekaichuangzhe，cong2011nianqi，xilinxtichuquanbianchengdelinian，zuoweifpgaxingyezhangqidebazhu，xilinxyongyouchaoguo2wanjiaxiayoukehu，qizhongyamaxunaws、yijizhongguodebatyunfuwujutoudoutuichulezhuanmendeyunduan fpga shililaizhichi ai yingyong。2018nianxilinxzhongbangtuichuquanxinyidaiaixinpianjiagouacap，zhongbangtuichuquanxinyidaiaixinpianjiagouacap，yijicaiyongacapjiagoudeshoukuandaihaoweieverestdeaixinpian，jiangzhengmian “xuanzhan”intelhenvidia。tongnianxilinxshougouguoneisandaaixinpiandujiaoshouzhiyidebeijingshenjiankejiyouxiangongsi，gaigongsizhugongzhongduanrengongzhineng，suocaiyongjiyufpgalaishejishenduxuexidejiasuqijiagou，keyilinghuokuozhanyongyufuwuqiduanheqianrushiduan。
lingwaidspxinpianzhuyaoyongyuchulishijuexitongrutuxiang、shipindengfangmianderenwu，zaizidongjiashi、anfangjiankong、wurenjiheyidongzhongduandenglingyuzuiweichangjian。zhonghechuliqicaiyongjiangduogechulihexinjichengzaiyiqidechuliqijiagou，zhuyaomianxianggaoxingnengjisuanlingyu，zuoweicpudexiechuliqicunzai，biruibm cell、kalray mppaheintel xeon phidoushidianxingdezhonghechuliqi。
aizhinengxinpianweilaidefazhanshibukedang，congxinpiandelishilaikan，muqianaizhinengxinpianrengranchuyuchuqijieduan，weilaizaijiagouheshejilinianshangrengranyoujudadetupokongjian，zheiyetigongjilewoguo“wandaochaoche”dejihui，zaiguojia“2025zhongguozhizao”dezhiyinxia，guoneidekejijutoualibaba、tengxun、baiduhehuaweidoucanyujinlai，zaiquanlifazhanzijiaizhinengxinpianyitupo“zhongwei”，rangwomenyiqishimuyidai。
2019nian6yue6ri，gongxinbuxiangzhongguodianxin、zhongguoyidong、zhongguoliantong、zhongguoguangdianfafang5gshangyongpaizhao，zhongguoyezhengshijinru5gshangyongyuannian。zhongguoxinxitongxinyanjiuyuanyefabule《5gjingjishehuiyingxiangbaipishu》，baipishuyuce，dao2030nian，5gyouwangdaidongwoguozhijiejingjichanchu6.3wanyiyuan、jingjizengjiazhi2.9wanyiyuan、jiuyejihui800wange。weichongfenfahui5gqianneng，xiangguanbumenyingweiyuchoumou，chaoqianbushuwangluojichusheshi。yinci，zai2019nian5gjishufunengxia，shangyeyingyongchangjingdeluodishoudaoxingyeneiwairenshideguangfanguanzhu。yioulianhejingdongwuliujiangzai8yue16rijubanyichangyi“5gfuneng shangyongluodi”weizhutideshalong，yizaiyaoqinggeweizhuanjiaxuezhegongtongtantao5gyingyongluodifazhanxianzhuangyuweilaiqushi，zhizaiweixingyeneiwairenshitigongyigejiaoliuxuexideziyuangongxiangpingtai。huodongxiangqingqingchuo：//www.iyiou.com/post/ad/id/848