zimeiguoshangwubugongyeyuanquanju(bis)jianghuaweijiqi70geguanlianqiyelierumeifang“shiti”heimingdanyilai，micro-sd、wifi、usb、jedecdengguojixingyebiaozhunzuzhipoyuyali，xiangjijinzhihuozantinghuaweidehefachengyuanzizhi，quanqiuyipianhuaran。
meiguozhenduihuaweidejinling，jiangduihuaweijiqisuozaidexinxikejixingyezaochengduodadeyingxiang?zheishejidaoruanjianchanpin、yingjianchanpin、zhizao、gongyinglian、zhishichanquan、maoyi、falv、zhengzhidengduogefangmian，chuledangshishuangfang，qishihennanzhunquepinggu。
zaici，bizhexiangweiguangdaduzhexitongshuliyixiawomenmeiyigerenmuqiansuoyilaiheshiyongdexinxikejilimian，younaxiejuyouyingxianglidemeiguokejigongsi，yijitamenzaijishubantushangdefenbuweizhi。benwenjiangcongyingyongzhuxian、yanfazhuxianlianggecengmianlaizhankai。ruxiatusuoshi。
一、应用主线
yingyongzhuxian，shiyiyingyongchanpinweikelidu，zhuyaobaokuoyingjianchanpin、ruanjianchanpin，yijizhishichanquanleichanpin。
suoweiyingyongchanpin，keyilijieweiqichanpinyizhijiehuojichengxingshi，fuwukehuzuizhongmubiaoxuqiudechanpin。tawangwangshiyichengpinjiaofu，biru，yonghumaidianshi，neimedianshijiushiyigeyingyongchanpin，yinweitazhijiefuwuyuyonghukandianshidemubiaoxuqiu;zaibiru，dianshichangshangmaiyejingpingmu，neimeyejingpingmuyeshiyigeyingyongchanpin，yinweidianshichangshangmaileyejingpingmu，zuzhuangdaozijidechanpinli，ranhouzaimaijizhongduanyonghu。
zaiyingyongzhuxianxia，womenyishoujiweizhongduanchanpin，keyishulichu2tiaofenzhi：shoujiduanheyunduan。zheishiyouyushoujidegongzuoyuanlisuozhi：yigeshoujiyonghuayulingyigeshoujiyonghubshixiantongxinyujiaohu，qibenzhishiyilianchuan0he1zuchengdeshujuliudejiaohu，zheigeshujuliudezhuanyeshuyujiaobiteliu。
biteliudechuanshu，yibanqingkuangshishuangxiangde，jicongyonghuyuzhijiaohudeapphuozhewangyeyingyongqishi，tongguoshoujifasongdaoyunduan，zaicongyunduanfasongdaoyonghubdeshoujishangdeguocheng。
zaizheigeguochengzhong，2bushoujizhijianchuanshudebiteliuxuyaofenbiejingguoshoujiduanjishuzhanheyunduanjishuzhan2gebufen。xiamian，womenxiankanyikanshoujiduanyounaxiezaixingyezhongyouyingxianglidemeiguokejigongsi。
1、手机端
shoujiduanjishukeculveguinawei3gebutongcengci，tamenshiyingyongceng、caozuoxitongcengheyingjianxitongceng，qizhong，yingyongcenghecaozuoxitongcengshiruanjian。guanchuanzhei3cengdehaiyouzhishichanquanleichanpin，tayizhuanlishouquandexingshitixian，henduoqingkuangxiadoubushejijutiruanjianheyingjianshiti。xiamian，womenjutilaikanyixiashoujiduanyounaxieyoushilidemeiguokejigongsi，yijitamensuozaidejishuceng。
(1)应用层
yingyongcengzhuyaozhideshibangongruanjian、duomeiti、aiyingyong、vrdengmianxiangyonghudeyingyongchengxu，shejiyingyongcengdegongsihechanpinwangwangshiyonghuzuiyouganzhide。zaizheizhizhong，zuijudaibiaoxingdemeiguojutouqiyeweiweiruan(microsoft)、guge(google)、pingguo(apple), zhei3jiameiguogongsishizhizonghejiejin2.6wanyimeiyuan。laopaimeiguokejiqiyeibmzaiyingyongcengdezhishichanquanlingyuyeyoubuju，juyingweiwangbaodao，2017nianibmzaixunixianshilingyu(vr)dezhuanlishenqingshupaimingquanqiudier。
(2)操作系统层
shoujiduandecaozuoxitongbeianzhuoheioslongduan。dajiazhidao，anzhuoshiyougugeyanfatuichudekaiyuanxitong，ioszeshipingguodebiyuanziyongxitong。
其实，微软和甲骨文(Oracle)也归属于该层：微软拥有安卓核心系统的专利，而甲骨文则拥有Java语言以及数据库系统方面的核心专利，这些专利多针对底层技术，都是本身所依赖的。
(3)硬件系统层
shoujigongnengdeyingjianshixianshuyuciceng。shoujizuoweijijisuan、cunchu、chuanshuhexianshideduomeitishebei，yongyouzhongduoyingjiangongnengmokuai，shejizhongduoyuanqijiangongyingshanghejishuzhishichanquan，zaicibuyiyizhuishule。
zaizheixiegongyingshangzhong，youyingxianglidemeiguogongsiyougaotong(qualcomm)、dezhouyiqi(ti)、botong(broadcom)、meiguang(micron)、yadenuobandaoti(analog devices)，haiyouyixietiliangxiangduijiaoxiaodanzaishoujichanyelianshifenzhongyaodeqiye，rusijiaxun(skyworks)、weixunlianhebandaoti(qorvo)deng。
xuyaozhichudeshi，zhumingyidongchuliqizhishichanquanqiyeanmoukeji(arm)，benshenshiyingguogongsi(lishuribenruanyinqixia)，danyouyuqiyanfazhongxinhenduozaimeiguobentu，suoyishoudaomeiguozhengfudezhengceyingxiang。
2、云端
womenzailaikanyikanyunduan。yushoujiduanleisi，yunduanjishuyekedazhifenwei4cengjiegou：yingjianceng、xunihuaceng、pingtaicengheyingyongceng。
(1)硬件层
yingjiancengzhuyaosheji2daleiyingjianchanpin，yileishishepinjizhanfangmiandeyingjian，lingyileishiwangluochuanshuyushujuchulifangmiandeyingjian。
基站方面，除了前文提到的企业之外，具有影响力的美国企业还有阿尔特拉(Altera，隶属英特尔)、赛灵思(Xilinx)、赛普拉斯半导体(Cypress)，以及一些特定元器件供应商如Acacia、Oclaro等。这些企业涉及射频、数模转换、光交换、fpga、mcu、cunchuhedianyuanguanlidengxiangguanyingjianlingyu。
wangluoheshujufangmian，juyouyingxianglidemeiguoqiyeyouyingteer(intel)、amd、yingweida(nvidia)、ibm、jiaguwen(oracle)、daier(dell)、emc(lishudell)、sike(cisco)、huipu(hp)，shejiwangluojiaohuanji、luyouqi、zhongyangchuliqixinpian(cpu)、xianshichuliqi(gpu)、itfuwuqi、shujukucunchudenglingyu。
(2)虚拟化层
zai4g/5gshidaixiadeshujujisuan、jiaohuanhecunchulibukaifenbushijiqunshidefuwuqibushu。xunihuajishujiejueleyingjianshebeijiqunhuabushuyuguanli，yijidanyiyingjianshebeiguzhangyilaidewenti，shuyuyunduandehexinjishuceng，yijingkaishidaguimopuji。
zaixunihuaceng，meiguokejiqiyezaiquanqiujuyoulongduanxingjishuyoushi，zheixieqiyezaijishubantushangchengxianjietixingfenbu：shouxian，intel、amd、nvidiaheibmzuoweixinpianzhizaoshang，tigongxinpianjiagouyuchuliqizhilingjidexunihuajishu;qici，weirui(vmware)、weiruan、linuxjijinhui(meiguofeiyinglizuzhizhangwolinuxneihekaifa)tigongcaozuoxitongneihexunihuajishu;zaibeiyeneichengweiqingliangjixunihuajishuderongqijishulingyu，yeyoudockerzheiyangdemeiguoqiyezhanjushichangzhudaodiwei;zuihou，haiyoujiaguwen、hongmao(red hat,lishuibmqixia)、canonical、sijie(citrix)、wangwei(novell)tigongqiyejixunihuachanpin。
(3)平台层
pingtaicengqiyetigongtongchangyiyishangdeyunfuwu。yunfuwucenggenjuqifuwuzhongduanduixiangbutong，kefenwei2lei：
a. zhijiemianxiangzhongduankehu。genjustatistatongjide2018niangongyouyunpingtaishiyongqingkuanglaikan，yamaxun(amazon)、weiruan、guge、ibm、vmware、oraclefenbiezhanjudi1daodi6deweizhi，woguoqiyealibabapaimingdi7。
b. mianxiangyunfuwujishutigongfang。yunfuwudehexinjishutedianshifenbushidefuwu。fenbushifuwujishuyou2zhongtujinghuode，yigeshiyunfuwugongsiziyan，lingyigeshijiyukaiyuanruanjiankaifahuojicheng。zheili，chuleqianwentidaodemeiguogongsi，haiyou2jiameiguojigouzhidezhongdianguanzhu，tamenshirackspaceheapacheruanjianjijinhui(apache softwarefoundation，jianchengasf)。
rackspaceshiyijiameiguoyunjisuangongsi，tamenyumeiguohangtianyuhangju(nasa)zai2010nianhezuochuangbanlekaiyuanyunpingtaiopenstackkuangjia，henduoyunfuwuqiye，liruhuawei，qiyunpingtaizhengshijiyucikuangjiakaifade。
lingyigejigoushiapacheruanjianjijinhui。tashizhuanmenzhichiheyanfakaiyuanruanjianxiangmudemeiguofeiyinglizuzhi，tasuozhichidehenduokaiyuanxiangmu，pirukafka、spark、activemq、couchdb、tomcatdeng，zaixingyeneiyixingchengzhunxingyebiaozhun(de facto)，zheixieruanjianyijingbeiyunfuwuchangshangguangfancaiyong，zuoweijichusheshijishunaruqichanpinzhong。zhideguanzhudeshi，yinweiapacheruanjianjijinhuishimeiguosuoshujigou，suoyigaijijinhuidekaiyuanxiangmushoudaomeiguochukouguanlitiaoli(ear)yueshu。
(4)应用层
yingyongcengshizhimianxiangyonghudeyingyongfuwu，biruguoneideweixin、zhifubao、suningyigoudeng，youbiruguowaideguge、weiruan、twitter、facebook、instagramdeng。youyuzaiyingyongcengdemeiguoqiyeduiyuguoneiwulunshishichangzhanyoulvhaishiyingxianglidoujiaoweiyouxian，erqieyoufeibuketidai，zheilijiubuyiyiliejule。
yishangshigenjuyingyongzhuxianshulidemeiguokejiqiyezaijishubantushangdefenbu。keyikandao，meiguokejiqiyefenbudetedianshiquanjishubantudefugai，wusijiao，tebieshizaicaozuoxitong、xunihuaheyunpingtaizhei3getedingjishudianshangjuyouxingyelongduanyoushi。
ruguojinjinzhishifenximeiguokejiqiyezaiyingyongzhuxianfangmiandefenbuerbuhangaiyanfazhuxian，neime，duiqishijifenbudeguangduheshenduderenzhi，jianghuishibuwanzhengde。
xiamian，womenyanzheyanfazhuxian，jinyibushulihaiyounaxiemeiguokejiqiye，yijitamenzaikejibantushangdefenbuqingkuang。
二、研发主线
yanfazhuxianzhuyaofenxideshichanpinzaishejijieduansuoxuyaodegongju，zheixiegongjuwangwangshiyouyixiezhuanmencongshigongjuleichanpinyanfadekejigongsihejigoutigongde。xiamianwomenlaishuliyixiaxiangyingdeyanfagongjusuoshejidemeiguokejigongsi。
yikuanyingjianchanpindeyanfa，lirushouji，kefenweiyingjianyanfaheruanjianyanfa。jutiruxiatusuoshi。
1、硬件研发
yingjianyanfayou2gecengmian：yingjianshejiheyingjianceshi。xiamianfenbieshuliyixia：
(1)硬件设计
yingjianshejilibukaidianzishejizidonghua(eda)。edajishujiushiyijisuanjiweigongju，yingjianshejizhezaiqiedaruanjianshangwanchengdianlusheji、fangzhenheshengchengjiaofujizhizaochangshangdeyingjiandianlutu。
congmuqianjichengdianludefuzachengduhejingtiguanshulianglaikan，keyibukuazhangdishuo，meiyouedaruanjianjiuwufashejiyingjiandianlu，ziranyejiuwufazhizaoyingjianle。xuyaozhichudeshi，yingjianchanpindezuixiaokelishixinpian，xiamianlaishuliyixiaxinpianshejishejidaodemeiguoedaruanjianjutou。
zaiedalingyu，you3jiagongsijihubazhenggeshichangfeneguafendaijin，jin2017nian，quanqiuedaxingyedezongshouruzhongyou70%beizheisanjiagongsiguafen，tamenfenbieshi：kaidengdianzikeji(cadence)、xinsikeji(synopsys)、mingdaoguoji(mentor graphics)，zhei3jiajieweimeiguogongsi(zhu：mentor graphicsuiranzai2016nianbeideguoximenzibinggou，danshigongsirengzuoweidulizigongsiyunying，qiezongbuzaimeiguo)。yinci，meiguoqiyezaiedalingyukeweijuyoulongduanxingdeshichangyujishuyoushi。
(2)硬件测试
yingjianceshi,xuyaoshiyanshiceshiyuyanzhengqicai。zaizheigelingyu，xianchangkebianchengmenzhenlie(field programmable gate array，jianchengfpga)，pingjiezheqiteyoudetongyongxinghekebianchengxing，yijingbeinarudaoshejiliuchengzhong，chengweiyingjianyuanxingshejidezhongyaoceshiheyanzhengshouduan。
fpgashichangshiyigexiangduixiaozhongdeshichang，jugartneryuji，quanqiufpgashichangdao2020nianyejiu84yimeiyuan，danshi，fpgajishuzaiduanduanershiduonianzhongcongdianzishejidewaiweiqijianzhujianyanbianweishuzixitongdehexin，qizhongyaoxingburonghushi。gaishichangmuqianbei4jiameiguokejiqiyelaolaobachi，tamenshi：sailingsi(xilinx)、aertela(altera，lishuintel)、laidisi(lattice)、meigaosenmei(microsemi)。qizhong，jinsailingsiheaertela2jiaqiye，yizhanjulequanqiu89%deshichangfene，jishuzhuanlidadao6000duoxiang，kejian，meiguoqiyezaifpgashichangtongyangjuyoulongduanxingshichanghejishuyoushi。
2、软件研发
ruanjianyanfayou2gecengmian：gongjulianhejisuanjibianchengyuyan。xiamianfenbieshuliyixia：
(1)工具链
xiandairuanjianchanpindeyanfashiyanfarenyuantongguobianxietedingjisuanjibianchengyuyan，ranhouliyonggaiyuyanhuanjingxiadeyixiliegongju，shoudonghuozidongduiqibianxiededaimajinxingbianyi、zhixing、diaoshi、jichengheceshideguocheng。zaizheigeguochengzhongshiyongdaodeyixiliegongju，jiaozuogongjulian(tool chain)。
shangyehuaruanjianchanpin，yinweiyouyanfazhouqiheshichangchuangkoudexianzhi，daduoshiyongshimianshangchengshudegongjulianchanpin，congerkuaisuwanchengruanjianchanpindeyanfa。
zaigongjulianlingyu，meiguojiyoupingguo、guge、weiruan、facebook、yamaxunzheizhongguangweirenzhideqiye，yeyoueclipse foundationhefree software foundationzheiyangdaxingdekaiyuanruanjianshequ，tamendoushimeiguofeiyinglijigou，haiyougithub(lishuweiruan)zheiyangdedaimatuoguanfuwugongsi。zheixiejigoutigongdegongjulianjibenfugailecongqianruxitong、shouji，daopc、fuwuqishangdeyingyongruanjianyanfachangjing。
(2)编程语言
jisuanjiyuyanjishibianchengrenyuanyujisuanjijiaohuderukou，youshiruanjianshengtaidejishi。genjutiobewangzhantongjidejisuanjiyuyanpaiming，java、c、c++、python、vb、c#yuyanweilie2019nianqian6wei，tongshishangbangdehaiyoumatlab、rzheiyangbeiguangfanyongyukexuejisuanlingyudeyuyan。
zaizheixiebianchengyuyandangzhong，youhenduoyichengweiguojibiaozhun。xuyaozhichudeshi，suiranyuyanbenshenyichengweiguojibiaozhun，danqijutishixian(zhuanyeshuyujiaobianyiqi)haishiyoubanquande。yixiabiaogehuizongleshangshubianchengyuyandezhuyaoyingyongchangjing、zhuliubianyiqi、yijibanquanguishuqingkuang。congzhongkeyikandao，zheixieyuyandezhuliubianyiqidebanquanjunweimeiguogongsihuomeiguofeiyinglijigousuoyou。
三、结语
tongguoyishangduimeiguokejiqiyezaijishubantushangdefenbujiyingxianglifenxi，keyikandao，meiguozuoweihulianwangdefayuandi，jishugenjishenhou，jishuweiduguangkuo，shiliburongxiaoshi。womenxuyaorenshidao，meiguokejiqiyezhisuoyinenggouxingchengzheiyangtixihuadefenbu，chuleyoushichanghuadeziyouyindao，genglibukaimeiguoguofangbugaojiyanjiujihuaju(darpa)zheiyangdezhuanyezhengfujigoudedingcengsheji。zheici，meiguozhengfubuxidongyongguojialiliangdajizhongguoyijiaminyingkejiqiye，gengzuozhenglezheiyidian。
itshidaiwang(guanzhuweixingongzhonghaoittime2000，dingshituisong，hudongyoufulijingxi)suoyouyuanchuangwenzhangbanquansuoyou，weijingshouquan，zhuanzaibijiu。chuangke100chuangtoujijinchengliyu2015nian，zhitongguigu，zhuanzhuyutmtlingyuzaoqixiangmutouzi。lpjunlaizizhengfu、hulianwangit、chuanmeizhimingqiyehegeren。chuangke100chuangtoujijinduiit、tongxin、hulianwang、ipdengyouzhezijiduteyanguanghefengfudeziyuan。juecekuai、touzikuaishichuangke100jijinzuixianzhudetedian。