为什么说物联网平台是“解耦思维”的集大成者？

gongkonglingyudesiweizhengzaigaibian，it（xinxijishu）yuot（yunyingjishu）deronghezhubufasheng，danbulvzhihuan。neime，ityuotderonghedaodigairuhezhubushixian？youshihoutuiyibushiweileqianjinliangbu，congronghede“fanmian”jinxingsikao，xianzuochaijiehefenli，cong“jieou”dao“fengzhuang”，zaidaozhubu“ronghe”，yexushishihecongjingdiangongyekongzhizouxianggongyewulianwangdefazhandaolu。

在文中你将看到：

1、什么是“解耦”思维？为什么说操作系统或者物联网平台是解耦思维的集大成者？

2、什么是物联网的操作系统？

3、解耦之后，物联网硬件能否实现“公板公模”？

退一步海阔天空

renmenchangshuowulianwangzhuanbulekuaiqian，yinweiwulianwangshejidaoit（xinxijishu）、ct（tongxinjishu）heot（yunyingjishu）duogelingyudeyoujijiaorong，shijianhejileideshendunanyouchaochejiejing。

shouxianbijiaoyixiadaibiaoctdetongxinxingyehedaibiaoitdeyidonghulianwangchanye。weishenmetongxinxingyedefazhanman，yidonghulianwangnengkuaisuyanjindiedai？hendachengdudeyuanyinzaiyu：biaozhundeliliang。tongxinxingyeyouhulianhutongdejibensuqiu，suoyitadefazhanyaojiyujishubiaozhun，zhidingjishubiaozhunxuyaoduofangxiediaotongyi，zhouqizhang、chengbengao。eryidonghulianwangshizaikaifangdetongxinjishuyijitongdaquanqiudetongxinwangluojichushangdechuangxin，jubeiyidianjierufuwuquanqiudenengli，meibiyaoyuqitaqiyehulianhutong，zuiduojiushizuoyixiejiekoubiaozhunheapi，suoyigengnengkuaisudiedai、xunsukuozhang。

eryucttongxinjishuxiangbi，otxuyaoshenrudaogongyelingyu，shejidaoshitijingjizhongshenlianggengzhongdeyigebufen。otdezongshencengcihenduo，congkongzhizhongxin、gongchengshizhan，xiangxiadaojiaohuanji、wangguan、kongzhiqi，zaixiangxiadaobianpinqi、qudongqi，ranhouzaixiangxiadaochuanganqi、zhixingdanyuan、yiqiyibiao、zhongduanshebei…chanpinduo、zuheduo、liantiaozhang，yincihulianhutongdenandugengda，zhouqigengzhang，chengbengenggao。

yincitandaowulianwang，wangwangyuzhixiangguandexingrongcishi“suipianhua”he“shuyeyouzhuangong”。wulunshidicengdelianjiehaishishangcengdeyingyongfuwu，doutebieqiangdiaozhuanyehua，dantamenyouzhagenyubutongdezhuanye，jibianshiyijiaqiyeduiwulianwangshishiquanmianbuju，yehuijiangrenwufenpaijiot、ct、itdengbutongtuandui。

如何将他们拼接起来，让他们彼此融合？正如文初所讲，退一步海阔天空，先让他们彼此拆解和分离，做到资源和协作的最大化分离，即——“解耦”。

guoquzuoyingjianderenbuyongguanruanjian，danshizuoruanjianderenbixujiangu，jikanyingjianyoubianruanjian。raneryoulecaozuoxitongzhihou，ruanyingjianbici“jieou”，zuoruanjianderenkeyibukanyingjianle。zheibingbushisheiqiangsheiruo，yebushisheizhongyaosheibuzhongyaodewenti，ershidajiatongguoshijianxingchenglegongtongzunshoudegongshi。

tidaocaozuoxitong，diyishijianwomenjiuhuixiangdaoyunxingzaidiannaoshangdewindows、linux，xiangqiyunxingzaishoujishangdeanzhuoheios。zheixiechengxuzhijieyunxingzai“luoji”shebeidezuidiceng，dajianqiqitaruanjian、yingyongyunxingdehuanjingyujichu。deyiyucaozuoxitongdexingqi、wanshan，caicuchengleruanjianyuyingyongdexingqi，zhujiulehuihuangdepcshidaiyuyidonghulianwangshidai。

zhongsuozhouzhi，yianzhuoweidaibiaodecaozuoxitong，tongguoxunichouxiangcengshixianleyingjianheruanjiandefenlihejieou，jisuoyouderuanjianheyingyongkaifazhezhixugenjucaozuoxitongtigongdebianchengjiekou，kaifachudeyingyongruanjianjiukeyiyunxingzaisuoyoujiyugaicaozuoxitongdeshebeishang，erwuxukaolvshebeizhonggeleiyingjianpeizhi。

zheilisuoshuode“jieou”，qishishizaiyingjianchouxiangjichushangdebiaozhunhua，bushiruanjianyuyingjiangongchengshizhijianbugoutong、bujiaoliule，ershiyinweitamenbiciyijinggoutongchongfen，dingyihaolebicizhijiandegoutongbianjiehejiaohupingmian，xingchenggongshi。erzheizhonggongshiyijingguhuachengweibiaozhunhexiguan，suoyibuxuyaozaizhongfugoutong。

ruguowomennenggoucanzhaozheizhongsilu，zuodaocongxianzaidezuootderenbuyongguanit，danshizuoitderenbixukanot，zhuanbianweizuoitderenbuyongkanotle，neimejiushixianleityuotcengmiandejieou，congerchuangzaoleityuotronghedediyigebiyaotiaojian。

dangran，zaiwulianwangtongguoxunihuajinxing“jieou”deguochengzhongmianlinzhongdatiaozhan，yinweiwulianwangbujinshejishangshuit、ot、ctbutonglingyu，haishejiyun、bian、duanduogecengji。anzhuocaozuoxitongzhongde“yingjianxunichouxiangceng”zaishoujizhongzhishejiyiceng，eryaoshixianwulianwangzhong“wulishijiedechouxiangceng”，zeyaofuzadeduo。zheidianwomenzaibenwendedi②bufenzaijinxingxiangxilunshu。

操作系统的“解耦”思维体现在物联网时代便是物联网平台，物联网中的操作系统就是平台。weilaijiangyoushuwanyidelianwangshebei，wangluojingjiguilvjiangfahuizhongyaozuoyong，jinzuidanulihuoqugengduodelianwangshebeizhichishicaozuoxitonghuozhewulianwangpingtaituiguangdeguanjian。

sheidejieougengchedi，sheideshiyonggengbianjie，sheideshengtaigengfengfu，sheibianzuiyoujihuichufapingtai、gongchengshiyuyonghuzhijiande“zhengfankui”。caozuoxitonghuozhewulianwangpingtaiyingyonggengshunshou，gongchengshimenjiuhuigengyuanyishiyong，rangpingtaishangdeyingyonggengjiafengfu，congerxiyingengduodeyonghushiyong，zaizhengfankuidejilixia，weiraopingtaideshengtaiquanziranyuelaiyueda。yiciwangfu，liangxingxunhuan。

物理世界的抽象层

caozuoxitongbingbushikejilingyudeduchuang，renleiziguyilaijiuchuangjianlezijidecaozuoxitong，bingqiesuizhejishudejinbu，caozuoxitongdehanyiyezaibuduanyanjin。

shenmeshirenleidecaozuoxitong？shifalv、shiguize、shizongjiao。zheixiecaozuoxitongzhongdezhilingtongguorenyurenzhijianzuchengdeshehuiguanxi，cengcengfenfa，cengcengxiada。

shenmeshipcheyidonghulianwangshidaidecaozuoxitong？shiwindows、shilinux、shianzhuo、shiios。zheixiecaozuoxitongdiaodudeshipchuozheshoujizhongdejisuanhecunchuziyuan。

那么，什么是物联网时代的操作系统？这里要警惕了：可不要简单局限于“端侧操作系统”。不是AliOS Things，不是Lite OS，不是FreeRTOS，或者说不完全是，这几个嵌入式操作系统只是完成了物理硬件的抽象，并不是物联网的操作系统。

wulianwangdecaozuoxitongdiaodu“wuti”benshen，yincitahenkenengjiangrongherenleicaozuoxitongyupcshidaicaozuoxitongdeliangzhongxingtai，wulianwangcaozuoxitongdui“wuti”dediaoduguochengtongguocengcengfenfa、cengcengxiada，tongguodiaoduyun、bian、duan，butongcengjizhongbutongshebeidejisuanziyuanershixian。

因此，物联网中的操作系统涉及到ceng、zhongduanceng、bianyuanceng、yunduancengdengduogecengmian。danyicengcidewulianwangcaozuoxitongyuanzhuozaiyidonghulianwanglingyudediweihezuoyongleisi，shixianleyingyongruanjianyuzhinengzhongduanyingjiandejieou。jiuxiangzaianzhuodeshengtaihuanjingzhong，kaifazhejibenbuyongkaolvzhinengzhongduandewuliyingjianpeizhi，zhixugenjuanzhuodebianchengjiekoubianxieyingyongchengxu，jiukeyiyunxingzaisuoyoujiyuanzhuodezhinengzhongduanshangyiyang，wulianwangcaozuoxitongdezuoyongyeshiruci。

shangshutidaodejizhongqianrushicaozuoxitong，alios things、lite os、freertos…shiwuliyingjiandaoshuzishijiedediyidaozhuanhuan，tamenshibianyuancede“jieousiwei”chengzaiti，qishanghaiyaojingguoduodaozhuanhuan，caiwanchenglewulishijiedaoshuzishijiedezhenggejingxiang，yecainenggouchengwanzhengdewulianwangcaozuoxitong。

lijiewulianwangdecaozuoxitong，bixutidaocps。duicpsyouchongfenlijie，shizuohaowulianwangdejichu，muqianzaizhinengjiaotonglingyu，wulianwangdecaozuoxitongchujuchuxing。womenyiditieweili，ditiejiaotongwangzhongdexinhaoxitonghezonghejiankongxitong，shijubuxiangduichengxingdecpsxitong，meiyiliangditieyongchedoushiyoujisuanjidiaodu，diaodufenpeijimeitaicheliangdeguidaoziyuan。ruguojiangguidaokanzuoshicpuchuliqi，cheliangbianshixiancheng，leisipcshidaicaozuoxitongdemoshi。ergouchengzhenggeditiewulianwangdecaozuoxitong，xuyaoyunduan、bianyuan、xinpiangegecengmiandecaozuoxitonghuxiangxietong，jiangwulishijietongguocengceng“jieou”，chouxiangtiqudaoshuzishijie。

yinweipchezhinengshoujiduoweibiaozhunhuadeyingjianpeizhi，qicaozuoxitongbiaozhunhuahepiliangfuzhinandubuda，erwulianwangshebeiduoyanghuahesuipianhuadetezheng，yingjianziyuanchangbeiyueshuzaibutongqiebuxiangtongdeduozhonghuanjingzhong，duidangecengmiancaozuoxitongdeshensuoxinghelinghuoxingtichulejigaoyaoqiu。

liruduiyuyingyongchangjingfengfudezhinengshoubiaohejinxujubeijiandantongxun、diaodugongnengdejiliangzhongduan，qicaozuoxitongliangjiyinggaichabiehenda，kenengshicongjikbdaojishimbzhijianwuguilvshensuo。

目前多种物联网操作系统并存，同一层面中的操作系统由于演进路径不同，造成较大差异。

liruduiyuzhongduancengdecaozuoxitong，bianchengxianchuliangzhongjishuluxian：yishijiyuanzhuodengcaozuoxitongjinxingcaijianhedingzhi，ershizaichuantongrtosshishicaozuoxitongdejichushangzengjiashebeilianwanggongneng。yinciwulianwanglingyushangweixingchengxiangpcheshoujishichangneiyang，jinyoushaoshujizhongcaozuoxitongdejumian，buguanyingjianshiyongnazhongxitong，doubuhuixingchengshiyongzhangai，zhishixingnengbutongeryi。

yincizaiwulianwangdehuanjingxia，youqixuyaocaozuoxitongpingbiwulianwangdicengyingjiansuipianhuachayi，tigongtongyidebianchengjiekou，jiangdiwulianwangyingyongkaifademenjian、chengbenheshijian。weileyingduiyanzhongdesuipianhuaxianzhuang，caiyong“fenerzhizhi”defangfalun，tongguocaozuoxitongchufaderuanyingjianfenliyujieoukenengjiangzaizhongduoyingyongchangjingzhongxianxianjiazhi——gengyifuzhi，congerjiakuaiguimohuajincheng。。

“公板公模”能否成真？

caozuoxitongtongguojiangruanyingjianjieou，wanchengdezhongdashimingshilingyingjiankaifachangshangkeyijiangdidicengtouru，shixianchanpindewangluohuahezhinenghuabingkuaisuliangchan。

caozuoxitongzuoweiruanyingjianzhijiandejieoupingmianhejiekou，shideyingjianbiaozhunhua，tongguoruanjianshixiangexinghuadingzhidexingweibiandekexing。caozuoxitongdelingwaiyigejiazhi，shinenggouzuidachengdudeshixianyingjiandetongyongheruanjiandefuyong，tishengdingzhihuaruanjiandekaifaxiaolv，jiangdifuyongchengben、jihuofuyongqingjing。

在物联网市场，软件和硬件模块复用性低是大家普遍面临的难题。youyigongyechangjingweishen，yingjianxinghaojiduansuipianhua，gongyeappbeizhongfushiyongdecishuxiangduijiaodi，keyishuoshididaocanburendu。xianshideqingkuangwangwangshiyigegongyeappbeikezhihuadecishufeichangduo，erbeizhongfushiyongdecishuyoufeichangdi，wufatongguoduocifuyongtanboshiyongchengben，jihuxingchengleyigesixunhuan。

ruguozheigewentibujiejue，shebeidedaguimolianwanghennanshixian。

wulianwangbenshenshi“xitongdexitong”，shibishejidaochanpinyuxitongzhijian“chetonggui、shutongwen”degongzuo，shejidaodaliangde“jieou”gongzuo，tongguobutongcengmiandecaozuoxitong，jiangyingjianxiangduibiaozhunhua，gengduodingzhihuagongnengtongguoruanjianshixian。

回顾PC和手机的发展历程，都会看到硬件标准化，更多功能由软件定义的发展历程。

zicongshijieshangdiyitaidianzijisuanjieniaczaishanggeshijisishiniandaidanshengyilai，pcjingliledianziguan、jingtiguan、jichengdianlu、daguimojichengdianludengshugejieduan。eniacsuishidiyitaitongyongyitudejisuanji，danyouyuqijiegoushejibugoudanxinghua，daozhitameijisuanyidaoxindetimu，douxuyaozhongxinxiugaidianlu。suihoucongfeng∙nuoyimanxitongjiegoukaishi，jisuanjikexuecaimanmanyanbianweiyingjianheruanjianliangbufen。rujinfazhandaoyingjiantongyonghua、xiliehuahebiaozhunhua，youruanjianshixianwenzichulihetuxingtuxiangdengfengfugongnengdejieduan。

zhinengshoujideyingjiantongyonghua，ruanjiandingzhihuatezhengzegengweimingxian。dangnianpingguoyikuanshoujibianjibailenuojiyayongyoudezhongduoxinghao，yinweipingguolvxiancongzhanlveshangrenshidaolezaiyidonghulianwangjieduan，yingjiandebiaozhunhuaqushi、caozuoxitongdezhongyaoxing，yijishoujiyingyongchengxudezuoyong。jiuzheiyangshoujijinruleyingjiangaoduyizhihua，tongguoyingyongshangdianzhongzhongleifanduodegezhongruanjianmanzuyonghugexinghuaxuqiudexinjieduan。

在物联网领域，通过少数几种公板公模，实现硬件标准化的做法，是否能够成真呢？

zhishaohenduoqiyeyijingkandaolezheigequshi，chaozheleisidefangxiangzainuli。biruqichelingyu，chanyeliandebiangezhengzaifasheng，tongguopingguo、guge、tesiladenggongsidetuidong，xianzaiqichezhengzaibiandeyuelaiyuexiangyibuzhuanglesigelunzidezhinengshouji，shiyongjiaoshaodechexing，tongguochezaicaozuoxitong，yongdaliangdegexinghuaruanjianshixianzhongduodegongneng。

zhiyuqitalingyu，rangwomendengdaishijianquyanzheng。

zuihou，zhongxinganxiealiyunshouxizhilianwangkexuejiadingxianfeng、huaweiruanjianshouxizhanlveguihuazhuanjianingyuzaichengwenguochengzhongduiwodedalizhichi。

yinxingyujinrongkejironghedelixiangjingjieshishenme？shiyinxingjifuwu。

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