“这个领域没人会写一本 Principia（牛顿《原理》三卷本），然后维系 200 年。计算机世界没有被人瞻仰几世纪的画作、或者供人瞻仰数百年的教堂。不，在这个领域，一个人做了自己的工作，十年之后就会过时，一二十年之后连用都不能用了。”
“计算机领域有点像是沉积的岩石，你在一座山里贡献了其中薄薄的一层，使山变得更加高耸。但最终，人们只是站在山顶，只有带着 X 光才能看到里面是什么样子。”
1994 nianzhengzaijiannanweixidierjiachuangyegongsi next gongsideqiaobusijieshouguigulishixiehui（silicon valley historical association）caifangshizheimebiyuzijidegongzuo。
qiaobusibenrenyinwei 3 nianhouzhongfanpingguo，zaijuguangdengxiafabu ipod、iphone、ipad youzhongxinbeirenmingjizhijin。danjisuanjilingyudedaduoshugongxianzhequeshijiuxiangtashuodeyiyang，jianjianbeirenyiwang。
6 yue 5 ri，zhuchiwantaijidian（tsmc）2017 nianniandugudongdahuihou，87 suidezhangzhongmouzhengshicongtachuangbandegongsituixiu。genlijiachengtuixiudeshengkuangxiangbi，zhangzhongmoutuixiudexiaoxixiangduipingdan，meitibaodaojibenzailiangtianneijieshu。ertaiwanmeititandegengduohaishi“taiwanbandaotijiaofu”、bandaotixingye“qiangrenshidai”luomu，dangran，haiyouyijingyonglande“taiwanzhiguang”。
taijidianduiyushijiedegongxianyuanbirangtaiwanyoulegaokejichanyedadeduo。
今天台积电市值超过 2000 亿美元，是全球前 30 大上市公司。但它创办 31 年来只做一个生意——把其它公司设计的zaochulai。taijidianshiquanqiudiyigezhuanmenzuozheishengyidegongsi，taqidonglexinpianzhizaodefengong——yourenzhuanmensheji、yourenzhuanmenzhizao。
yinweiyoutaijidianzheiyangdegongsizhuanzhuyuyuelaiyuefuzadexinpianzhizao，zhuanmendeshejigongsi，biruyingweida、ati、gaotong、botongshenzhipingguocainengzhuanzhuyutishengxinpiansheji。zheizhongfengongzai pc shidaidailai 3d tuxingchuligeming，zaizhinengshoujishidaigengshizhijiecuchengyinsuzhiyi。xianzaixinpianyetanqizidongjiashi，taijidianyiranshibeihoudezhizhu。
xiangluobote·nuoyisi、bier·gaici、shidifu·qiaobusiyiyang，zhangzhongmouchuangzaodegongsizaiguoqujishinianligaibianlejishudefazhan，zaineizuoshanlileiqibukequeshaodeyiceng。
taijidian（tsmc）shi“taiwanjitidianluzhizaogufenyouxiangongsi” desuoxie。gumingsiyi，jiushizaitaiwanzhizaojitidianlu，yejiushijichengdianlu。
jichengdianlushixiandaijisuanjiyedeqidian，tanengzaigengxiaodekongjianlijujigengfuzadedianlu。zai 1958 nianjichengdianlufamingzhiqian，youjingtiguanzuzhuangdejisuanjiyitaijiujihuyaoduimanyizhenggefangjian。
danjichengdianludechuxianhetaijidianhuozhezhangzhongmoudoumeishenmeguanxi。neinian 27 suidezhangzhongmougangjiarulaopaibandaotigongsidezhouyiqi。tongnian，bitazaojiarugongsimeiduojiudegongchengshijieke·jierbi（jack kilby）faminglediyikuaijichengdianlu。
“dangwozaidezhouyiqiriyepinmingdeshihou，yijianjingtiandongdidedashizaiwoyanqianmomofasheng。danwodangshibulijiejichengdianluzheigedongxideshijiyongtu，zongjuedehaiyuandehen。”zheishizhangzhongmouzaijishinianhouzichuanzhongxiexiadehua。tadangshidaoyemeiyoukancuo，jierbizuichudeshejishizaizheshangmian，wufadaguimoshengchan。
xiantongbandaotijiejuelezheigewenti。1950 niandaibagenianqingdeboshicongxiaokelibandaotishiyanshicizhi，zaiyinxingjiaase·luokedebangzhuxiachenglilezheijiagongsi。zheiqizhongjiuyouweilaitichutongmingdinglvdemoerboshi，yingteerchuangshirennuoyisideng。zaijierbidefamingchuxianbannianzhihou，luoyisiyanzhichuleguixinpianshangdejichengdianlu，zheirangdaguimozhizaochengweikeneng。
jintiandeshuzixinpianyijingbidangshifuzawushubei，danzuizhongdeyuanlidouhaishiluoyisineihuierdeguijichengdianlu。
lianggejudadezhengfugongchengjihuatuidonglejichengdianludebaofa。zaiaboluodengyuejihua(apollo project)he“minbing”(minuteman )daodankaifajihuadecaigouxia，bandaotixingyeyinglailezengzhang。zaibangeshijili，jichengdianluchongchizaishenghuodegechudianzishebeizhong，congweixingdaoweibolu、conghuojiandaoshouji。jichengdianluyeyuezuoyuexiao，bianchengshebeineideweichuliqi——xinpian。
suihoude 20 nianjian，meiguozuihexindetouzizhe，kexuejiakaishiyishidaoxinpianbeihoudebandaotichanyeshiyigejihuijudadewutai。zijin，jishuhenianqingrenbuduanyongruzheigexingye。
yucitongshi，zhangzhongmouyizhizaidezhouyiqigongzuo，yilushengrenfuzongcai，guanli 3 wanrenguimodejichengdianluzhizaoyewu。
yanjiuxinpianduoniandemoerboshizai 1965 niantichumoerdinglv：mei 18 geyuezuoyou，xinpianshangdejingtiguanshumujiangzengjiayibei，xinpiandejiagejiangjiangdiyibei，erxingnengzezengjiayibei。bidinglvgengzhongyaodeshi，yingteerbataduixianle。biruyingteer 1971 niantuichu 4004 xinpian，jichengle 2250 gejingtiguan。daole 1985 nianyingteertuichude 386 xinpian，yijingjichengle 27.5 wangejingtiguan。zheishigerendiannaogemingdaolaidexingnengjichu。
zaixinpianchengshudetongshi，gerendiannaoxingtaikaishichengxing。1981 nian，diyitai ibm pc wenshi，zhihoukaifangbiaozhunjidisanfangchangshangshengchan。suizhechangshangxianghujingzheng，gerendiannaodechengbenwentibeijiejue。
1984 nian，qiaobusidaiduiyanfadepingguomaijintadiannao （macintosh）fabu，guoyuanggui，danquedinglegerendiannaoshiyongtuxingyonghujiemianheshubiaodefangxiang。gerendiannaobiandeyiyongqilai。
dangranhaiyouweiruanzai 1980 niandaihouqizhubuwanshande windows caozuoxitonghe office bangongruanjian。gerendiannaobuzaishichekuzuofanglichulaidejikewanju，qiyekaishidaguimomairugongsi，tishengbangongxiaolv。
1980 niandailingyigemingxiandequshishi，zhizaoyekaishicongmeiguo、xiouxiangyazhouzhuanyi。1960 niandai，guojidefuzhuangshengchanzhongxinjiukaishidiercizhuanyi，congmeiguo、ribenzhuanyidaoxinxingdiqu，ruhanguohetaiwandiqu。
baokuotaiwanzaineidezheixiediqu，laodonggongzizhiyouribendeyiban，huobudaoyiban，erqielaodonglifengfu，suoyidianzi、dianjigongye、hechengxianweidengxuyaodalianggongrendelongduanzibenkaishixiangtaiwankuozhang。jieshoujiandanjiagong 20 nianhou，taiwanjuedingcongjiandandefuzhuangjiagongjinxingchanyeshengji。qiantaiwanxingzhengyuanyuanzhangsunyunxuanzai 1970 niandaijiutichuleyaochuangjianbandaotichanyedemubiao。
dangshi，sunyunxuantichujiangtaiwandazaochengyigebandaotishangyezhongxin，chuangliyijiacongjiagoushejidaoshengchan，zaidaofengzhuangceshidequannengxingbandaotigongsi —— genyingteerdangshidedingweiyimoyiyang。weicitazai 1982 nianzhaodaozhangzhongmou，zheigeguanli 3 wanrenshengchantuanduiderenshibandaotixingyelijingyanzuifengfudeyazhouren。
dansunyunxuandiyicihezhangzhongmoudejiechubingmeiyoushuodongta。zaibandaotixingye 25 niandezhangzhongmourenweidangshitaiwanbandaotichanyejichujihuweiling，yequeshaozilifengfudezhuanyerencai。chuangjianheyingteeryiyang，zijishejizijishengchandegongsi，zaizheigezhongzichan，zhongjishudexingyelizhudinghuishibai。shishizhengminghoulaiweishengyequeshishibaile。
1985 nian，dezhouyiqijuedingzhuanxingzuoleisipingguogongsidexiaofeidianzi，zheihezhangzhongmoudeguihuabeidaoerchi，erminguozhengfuzaijinianneiduociyaoqingtahuiqu。
zuizhong，zaidezhouyiqigongzuole 25 niandezhangzhongmoujuedingcizhi，bingqiedadingzhuyibuzuoheyingteeryiyangdeshengyi，ershizhizuozheigeshengyidehoubanduan——xinpianzhizao。zaihuiyilulizhangzhongmoutidao，zijiyizhikanzhetongshilizhichuangye，youshejixinpiandexiangfa，danhenduoyinweicoubudaozugoudetouzijianchangzhizaoxinpianershibai。
zheishiyitiaocongweiyourenzouguodelu，congyigemeiyoufengongdexingyelifenlegong。54 suidezhangzhongmoukaishilediyicichuangye。
“dangshibingmeiyoutaiduorenkanhaozhizuoxinpianjiagongdeshengyi。minguozhengfukenengshidangshizuizhichiwoderen，dantamenyebingbutailijie，zhishiyuanyitouziwoshiyishi。“22 nianzhihou，nianguo 7 xundezhangzhongmouzaidiannaolishibowuguandehuodongshangjieshouyingweida ceo huangrenxuncaifangshihuiyiqidangshidejingli。
buzhishitouzirenbukanhao，zhangzhongmouxiangmoerboshiqingjiaozheigexiangfa，yebeizhijiefouding。moerboshiyijidangshihenduorenrenwei，yinweizhizao、fengcejunduixinpianqiyezijinchengbenyouzhefeichanggaodeyaoqiu，youqishizhizaoxingye，xuyaopangdadezijintourudaoxinjishudeyanfazhong。
zhangzhongmouzaiheyingweida ceo huangrenxundeliaotianzhongtidao，“zaitaijidianchuanglizhichu，youyigezhangu 5% detouzirenqingtachilesanci，meiyicidouyaoxunwenzhongduowenti。danzheigetouzirenbingbudongbandaoti。taweiyidanxindewentijiushi，taijidiangairuhehejutouyingteerjingzheng。”
“taijidianhetamenbucunzaijingzheng，zheishiyigewanquanxindemoshi，womenshenzhihuihezuo。”zhangzhongmouxiaozhehuida。danmeiyouguowangdaolushangdechenggongzhe，zheirangtouzirengengjiahaipale。
weilechoudaogengduodeqian，zhangzhongmouxiexinjisuoni、sanlingdengbandaotigongsi，dandoubeijujuele。zuizhonghaishiminguozhengfuzaibeihoubangleta。zhangzhongmouchengchoukuantuanduiliyousangeshizhengfudebuzhang，“wojidezuihouzonggongyou 5 gedisanfangtouzizhe，qizhonglianggeshibeiwoshuofude，lingwaineisangezeshizhengfuzhijieyaoqiutouzizherugude”。
taiwancengxianhouyu 1984 nian、1986 nianchoushele 8 yihe 16 yixintaibidefengxiantouzizhengcexingyindaojijin，youtaiwanxingzhengyuanheguoziyinxingchuzi，zhizaifazhanchuangxinkeji。
1986 nian，taijidianxuanbuchengli，taiwanminguozhengfubangzhulianxihelanhuangjiafeilipugongtongzhuziyue 2.2 yimeiyuandezijin，zhengfujidezhanqizhong 48%。ruguojisuanzhei 30 duoniandetonghuopengzhang，zheibizijindengyuxianzaide 36 yimeiyuan。hepingguo、weiruanzheixiecongchekukaishidexiaogongsibutong，taijidiandanshengzhichujiushiyigeyongyoujudazibendedagongsi。
zhisuoyizhangzhongmouxuyaozheimeduoqian，yuanyinjiuzaiyutazhidaozhizaoxinpianshiyigehuadaqiandeshengyi。
xinpianshengchanjiqifuza，erqiezhengsuizhemoerdinglvbiandeyuelaiyuefuza。
jiandanlaishuo，shixiancongeryanghuagui（sio2）kuangshi，birushiyingshazhongyongyixiliehuaxuehewuliyeliandefangfatichunchuguibang，ranhouqiegechengyuanxingdedanjingguipian，zheijiushijingyuan（wafer）。
jingyuanhaiyaojingguoduocishike、guangzhaodengchuli，jiangweixingdianlufugaidaobiaomianshang。zuihouhaiyaotongguoyangedeceshi、qiege、fengzhuang、zaiceshidenggongxucaixingchengleyimeizuizhongkeyongdeluojixinpian——takenengshi cpu、yekenengshishoujilifuzeyidongtongxindejidaichuliqihuozhebangzhudiannaolianshang wi-fi deneikuaixiaoxinpian。
jishijianhaolejingyuanchang，bingbuyiweizhetourujieshu。jingyuanchicun，xinpianzhichengdebuduanshengjidouxuyaodaliangdezibentourucainengdadao。
xianzaiwomenchangkandaoyingteerhuozhepingguo、gaotongxinpianshangshuodaode cpu zhichengzheigegainian，qishijiushijingyuanbanshangweixingdianluzhijiandejianju，congzuizaode 3 weimidaoxianzaide 10 nami，7 namideng。ruzhiqiandemoerdinglvsuoshi，xinpianxingyejihumei 1 nianbanjiuhuizaizhichengshangshengji。erjingyuanpiandedaxiaoyesuizhejishudefazhanzaizengjia，congyuanxiande 2 cun、4 cun、6 cun、8 cundaoxianzai 16 cundaxiaodejingyuanpian。
zhichengjianshao，jingyuanpiandechicunzengda，yiweizhetongyikuaijingyuanshangnengfangrugengduodedianlu，zuihouqiegechugengduodexinpian，xinpiandechengbenyehuijinyibujiangdi。
duiyumeiyoutaiduozibendexinxingjishugongsilaishuo，chengshoujishujinlaidailaidechengbentigao，kaolvjianjingyuanchanglaizizhushengchanxinpianjihushibukenengwanchengdeshiqing。
taijidianzuodejiushijiangfuzadeshengchanbaoxialai，rangxingongsikeyicong 0 kaishishejixinpian。
youlezijin，zhangzhongmoulikezai 1987 niangaiqilediyizuojingyuanchang。zaichuangbandediyinian，taijidiandegongchangzhiyou 3 weimihe 2.5 weimiliangzhongshengchangongyi，quannianchannengbudao 7000 pianliuyingcunjingyuan，lianglvyebugao，jibenjiebudaodagongsidejingyuandingdan，zhenggegongsizaiyikuisundezhuangtaiyunxing。
danzhangzhongmoubingweitingzhiduiyugongchangdejishushengji，taqinglaiyingteerlaiduigongchangjinxingrenzhengheshengji，zaiyinianneijiejuele 200 chujishuwenti。cihouweilebaochitaijidianzaixinpianjishushangdelingxianyoushi。zhangzhongmouyizhizaitaijidiandeguanlizhongjianchigaoedezibentouru。
taijidianzheizhongzaixinpianzhizaojishushangdejudatourujianchidaolexianzai，jibianzai 2001 nian，hulianwangpaomopomie，hulianwanggongsihejisuanjigongsidouzaichengpiliangdaobi，danzhangzhongmouhaishijianxinxinpianxuqiubuhuibiancheng，zaidangshijiangjingyuanchangdeyanfazhichushangshengdaojinglirun 80%（neinianyinweipaomopomie，taijidianlirunyijingbaodie）dedibu。
daole 2015 nian，yingteerdezibentouruyijingjianshaodao 73 yi，dantaijidianyiranbaochizai 81 yimeiyuandetouru。
erzuizhongyaodeyanfazhichufangmian，2000 nianzhihou，taijidiandeyanfazhichushizhongzhanjinglirunde 20%。yanfazhichuzaiyingshouzhongdezhanbizecong 90 niandaide 3% zengzhangdaoxianzaide 8%。
zaibaochizheiyangdeyanfazibentourudeguochengzhong，taijidiancong 1994 niandao 2015 niandeshouruguimokuodale 44 bei，shouruzengsunianzengjia 19.7%。 2015 niantaijidianjingyuanchanliangdadaole 900 wanpiandeguimo，shiquanshijiezuidadejingyuandaigongqiye，chanliangzhanquanqiuyibandexiaoliang。
如今来看，大力发展芯片制造技术是一件理所应当，并且获利颇丰的事情，yekaobandaotiyewuzhuandaofenghoudehuibao。
danhuikanguoqu，1980 niandaihuoguodexinjishutaiduole，zhinengyuyin、vr、rengongzhinengdoucengjingshiweilaixiangzheng。xuanduiyigefangxiangmeiyouneimerongyi。
suizhetaijidiandezengzhang，xinpiandaigongzhizaohoulaichengleyigexingye，buzhichangbeitijidetaiwantailiandian，houlaisanxingshenzhiyingteerdoukaishiledaigongyewu。
zheiranggeleixinpianshejigongsidoumeiyouguanyushengchandehouguzhiyou。
90 niandai，beimeiyongxianleyipixinxingdebandaotigongsi，botong、yingweida、marvell luxuchuangli。tamenzaiwangluoxinpian、tuxingchuli、wi-fi xinpianshejidenglingyuyugeyouzhuanzhang。yigegongtongdianshi，zheixiebandaotichuchuanggongsibenshendoumeiyouzijidejingyuanchang，yemeiyouzijinherenligaodingshengchanhuanjie，duiwaibujingyuanshengchanxianyoujiqiangdexuqiu。
taijidianchengledaduoshugongsidexuanze。1998 nian，yingweidatongtaijidiandachengzhanlvehezuo，jiangsuoyoudetuxingjiasuxiankajiaojitaijidianshengchan。shuangfanghezuodediernian，yingweidatichule gpu（tuxingchuliqi）gainian，keyibangzhu cpu（zhongyangchuliqi）fendanyibufentuxingdongtaixuanrandengjisuanrenwu。zheigegainianhoulaibeizhenggebandaotixingyesuocaiyong。
suihou，yingweidafabude gpu beishoushichangzhuizhu，weiqidaigongdetaijidianyekuaisuzengzhang。1987 niandao 1991 nianzhijian，taijidiandexiaoshoufuhezengzhanglvyidudadaole 74%。erduonianyilai，taijidiandexiaoshoupingjunfuhezengzhanglvyedadaole 19.7%。zhangzhongmouzaizheicidetuixiugudonghuishangzhijiebiaoshi，“wozijidourenwei，31 nianlishidetaijidian，shiyigeqijixingdezengzhang。“
eryingweidayeshouyiyutaijidiankuaisu，gaoxiaodexinpianshengchanzaineijinianbaochilejihumeinian 70% defuhezengzhanglv。sixiahezhangzhongmouguanxijiaohaodeyingweida ceo huangrenxuncengbankaiwanxiaoshuo：“ruguodengwozijijianchangshengchan gpu xinpian，woxianzaikenengjiushiyigeshouzhejiqianwanmeiyuandegongsi，zuogeanyide ceo。”
taijidiandejuetoururangneixiexinpianshejichangshangbuzaixuyaohuafeizijinzijitouzijiansheshengchanxian，jiangdileshejihuanjiejinrubilei，tongshiyejiangdichanpinyanfashibaidefengxian，congercushibandaotishejihuanjieneiyongxiangengduozhongxiaochangshang。
yingteerhaishizijisheji、zijizhizao，laolaobachizhelirunfenghoudezhuomian cpu shichang，danzhujian，cpu buzaizhishiweiyizhongyaodexinpian。
gerendiannaoshidaiduiyudianlimeiyouneimeduoxianzhi，yigejiqigaoxingnengde cpu keyijiejuegezhongwenti。daoleshouji，jiujinkenengjiangtedingdegongzuojiaojizhuanyongxinpianjiejue。
dengdao 2006 nianpingguokaishiweidiyidai iphone zhizaokaishichongcideshihou，xinpianyeyijingfengfudexinpiankeyijiejuegezhongwenti，daduoshudoumeiyouzijidegongchang，ershijiaojitaijidianhuoqitajingyuanchangzhizao。
ifixit chaikaiguodiyidai iphone。nikeyizaiwangzhanshangkandaoqizhongsuoyouxinpiandexinghao。womentongjileqizhongyoudaigongchangjiagong，xinpiangongsishejidegongnengxinpianshulianghexinghao。
keyikandao，zaichudai iphone chaijiede 11 gexinpianli，sanxingheyingteerdengcaiyongzijishejidexinpian、zijishengchandexinpianzhizhanle 4 ge，eryoutaijidiantansuochulaideshejiheshengchanfenkaidexinpianshengchanmoshizetigongleshengyuquanbudexinpian。
taijidiansuokaiqidezhizhuanzhuxinpianshengchan，erbushejixinpianshejidefengongmoshi，rangyidongshoujineixuyaodedaliangbutonggongnengdexinpiandanshengchuangzaoletiaojian。yerangyibushoujineidexinpianbuzaizhishijijiaxinpianjutoulailongduan。
zhihougaotong，enzhipudengwuchangxinpianshejigongsikaishiyinweiyidongshoujishichangdebaofa，yingshoukaishibuduanshangsheng。qizhong，gaotong（yeshitaijidiankehu）keyimeinianjiang 20% yishangdeyingshoutouruyanfa，yifangmianshejichujishuzuilingxiandexinpianxiaoshou，lingyifangmianhaichanshenglehenduodehexinzhuanli，bingjiangqishouquanjixiayoudechangshangshiyong。zheiyedeyiyubuxuyaozaixinpianshengchanshangjinxingtourudailaidehaochu。
zuoweizhizaoyezhuanyideyibufen，bandaotidexinpianzhizaoyinweijingyuanjiagongdejishuyaoqiujiaogao，bingmeiyouxiangfuzhuangjiagongyeyiyangzouxiangdiduanhua。
xianzaitaijidiandeshizhiyuewei 2000 yimeiyuanzuoyou，heyingteerdeshizhichabuduo，shenzhiyiduzai 2017 nianchaoyueleyingteer。ersanxingdianzijiashangquanqiudiyidashoujishengyi，shizhizeshi 2800 yi，yezhishibitaijidianduo 1/2。
zai 6 yue 5 ri，xuanbutuixiudegudongdahuishang，zhangzhongmoubiaoshi，yujitaijidian 2018 nianshourujiangzengzhang 10-15％，qudonglilaizigaoxingnengjisuan、gezhongwulianwangyingyong、qichejiashidengfangmian。
taijidianzuixinde 7 nm gongyiyujibenjidutouchan，bingzaidisijidudadaozuidachanneng，jieshiyouwangweitaijidiangongxian 10% zuoyoudeshouru。zhangzhongmoucengbiaoshi“taijidianyijingnadaole 7nm 100％ deshichangfene“，anshiqizuidajingzhengduishouzhiyidesanxing，yifen 7nm gongyidexinpiandingdandoumeinadao。
erjiexialai，taijidianxindeliangweijiebanrenzhiyideweizhejiabiaoshi，taijidianjihuazaiweilai 3 niannachu 250 yimeiyuanyanfa 5nm dexinpianzhizaojishu。zuoweiduibi，taijidian 2017 nianzongyingshoubuguo 330 yimeiyuaneryi。
xinpianzhizaodetouziguimobiandeyuelaiyuedale。
danrenmenjizhudegengduoshishoujibeimianyinzhedepinpaiyijipingmulihulianwanggongside logo。intel inside yijingchengweiguoqu，nibuhuizaishoujishangkandaoxinpiandebiaozhi。xiaolongzhileidemingzizhiyoumeitihefashaoyouhaihuiguazaizuishang。zuidadesangeshoujigongsi，sanxing、pingguo、huaweiyedouzijishejixinpian，erpingguozhengjianggengduoxinpianzhizaodaigongcongsanxingzhuanxiangmeiyoujingzhengguanxidetaijidian。
xinpianyuelaiyueyinxing，dantayiranshiqudongzheiyiqiededongli。zaijisuanjizheizuoshanli，taijidian 1980 niandaidailaideneicifengongyiranshizhongyaodeyiceng。
xihuanzheipianwenzhang？qu app shangdiansou haoqixinribao ，meitiankandianbuyiyangde。