本文来自公众号：CV智识（ID：CVAI2019）
shiyuchuangxin，zhangyuchendian， 2019zheiyinianshihoujibofa，fenliqianxinghaishirulvbobing？
始于创新，涨于沉淀。等待未来的硬科技诸行业，在2019年迎来了不少“拐点时刻”，有的迎来了发展元年，有的是在厚积薄发，而有的则是在冰火交融中理性狂奔。比如5G、，chengweiyejiexiangjubitandelanhaishichang，eryucitongshi，yeyoubushaozidongjiashi、rengongzhinenglingyudeqiyezaibolanyijiuzhongdiediezhuangzhuangdiqianxing。
shizhinianzhong，zheiyichangjingsaizhongjiujingyouzhezenyangdefazhanhebianhua？
lishishang，meiyidaibandaotixinjutouhexinxingdiqudechuxiandoubansuizhezhongduanqianyihejishudebiange。
zaiai、5gdexinlangchaozhixia，shidaizhengzaihuhuanxindexinpianjutoudechuxian，erquanqiufanweinei，zhongguoxinpianchangshanghenkenengtuoyingerchu。
wuyongzhiyi，zhongguozhengchuzaiaichanyefazhanzuiweixunsu，5gbujuzuiweijijideshiqi，tongshijujiaozaizheilianggelingyudechuangyeyechongmanhuoli。
tongshi，zhongguoyeyijingchengweichuantongchanyezhinenghuaxuqiuzuipoqie，zuiwangshengdeshichang。
ruguoyiyanxiashijiexinpiangejulaikan，congjinnianxingshilaikan，zhongguoxinpianxingyetongguozibenciji，zhengzaijiangjishuliuxiangzhuanyidaoyixinpianzhizaoyeweizhudaodechanye。
2019nian，bujinshixinpianxingyezhuanzhexingdeyinian，gengshizhongguoxinpiandebaofazhinian。
xinpianjielikechuangban“fanshen”
6yue13ri，shikechuangbanzhengshikaibanzhiri。
zaizheiyitian，lanqikeji、hangkekeji、tianyishangjia3jiaqiyequanbutongguoshenhe，lingyou6jiaqiyeyetijiaolezhuceshenqing，youci，zheidiyipikechuangbanqiyeshangshixiankailezhongguokejishidexinyiye。
cong9jiaqiyedesuoshuxingyekan，qizhongyou4jiaqiyegenbandaotiyouguan：lanqikeji、ruichuangweina、anjikeji、huaxingyuanchuang。
bufusuowang，kechuangbanzaijiaoyishouribiankaiqilezhongguode“xingui”shidai，xinpianchanyeliangupiaoshiyinglvguzhi100beiqi。qizhong，zhangfuzuimengdeanjikejiyiduzhangchao5bei，shiyinglvyue300bei；lanqikejizuigaoyiduzhangjin3bei，shizhipoqianyi。
dangshi，henduozhuanzhuxinpianbandaotilingyudetouzirenbiaoshi，tamenzuijinyijingganshoudaolexinpianbiaodeguzhiwangshangzhangdexunmeng，yixietouzidemingxingbiaode，guzhizhangdehenkuai。shichanghuore，“buhaoxiashou”。
kejian，suizhekechuangbandehengkongchushiyijixinpiangudelingzhangzhishi，zhongguojingjizhengzaijinruyigeyijishuhongliweizhuyaoqudonglideshiqi。
yunxiuzibenceogaochaoyebiaoshi，kechuangbandatonglexinpiangongsitouzidekuaisutuichuzhilu。muqianyijingyou8jiabandaotigongsiyijingzaikechuangbanshangshi。
tongshi，zheixieqiyebujindapoleguowaiduizhongguoxinpianchanyede“kabozi”jumian，haiyongyouzaiguojishichangshangjiaobanxifenlingyuquanqiubazhudeshili。
zaizheifangmian，anjiweidianzihelanqikejidebiaoxiantongyangzhideyiti。
julejie，anjiweidianzishiguoneimuqianweiyishixiangaoduanhuaxuejixiepaoguangyeliangchandebandaoticailiaoqiye；lanqikeji，zaifuwuqineicunjiekouxinpianlingyudubutianxia，2018niandeshichangfeneyijingchaoguolemeiguoqiyeidtdeng。
zaijingjixiaxingdedabeijingxia，2019nianmuzizongehetouzianlizongshushuangshuangxiajiang，shichangyiranchuyuhandongzhuangtai。
但市场也在迎来结构性变化，主要体现在硬科技、医疗方向的投资非常活跃。zuoweiyingkejidehexinlingyu，xinpianxingyedetouziyiranhuore。
shujuxianshi，jiezhi2019nian11yue，buwanquantongjizhenggexingyeyitouchu196jiaxinpiangongsi，yujiquannianshujuyouwangdafuchaoguo2018nian，zhengtitouzijinedadaoyue270yi，qizhong74.1%shixinpianshejigongsi。ai、wulianwang、5gzheixielingyudexinpianshejigongsishizuishouzibenzhuipengdefangxiang。
lingyouyanjiuzhichu，dangqianwoguobandaotichanyedezijilvbudao15%，genju《zhongguozhizao2025》demubiao，jihua2020nianzijilvda40%。“dajijinerqi”chengli，zhucezibenbiaosheng，weilaijinianguoneijichengdianluchanyejiangjinyibukuaisufazhan。
guochantidaichengxinpianxingyezhuliu？
zaiguoqu，zhongguozuowei“shijiegongchang”yizhishidianzichanpinshengchandejizhongdi，yeshiquanshijiezuidadebandaotichanpinxiaofeiguojia，danyouyuguochanjichengdianlushebeiluohou，guoneixinpianxingyeshengchanshuipingyuguojixianjinshuipingchajujiaoda，daozhiwoguoxinpianchanyeduiwaiyanzhongyilai，qizhonggaoduanxinpianjihuquanbuyaojinkou，congerzhijiedaozhilewoguoxiangduique“xin”dexianzhuang。
huadengguojihehuorenwanglinbiaoshi，guowaichengshuxinpianchanpindeguochanhuatidai，zaizaoqibiaoxianweiyixiexiaofeidianzilingyudeguochanhuatidai，danshihenduodoumeiyoupaochulai，xianzaihenduozhuanxiangleguojiaxinxianquanlingyu。
suiranwoguoduixinpiandezizhukekongyizhidoushigaoduzhongshi，danshizheiyangpoqiedexuqiucongweixiangjinnianqianglie，xinpiandereduyecongweixiangxianzaizheiyanghuobao。
ciwai，5gfengqi，xinpianzuoweishujucunchu、jisuan、huliandejichuzaiti,yinglailegengdadeshichangxuqiuhegengjiayangedejishuyaoqiu，tongyang，rengongzhinengdeyingyonglangchaotuidongleguochanxinpiandetidaijincheng。
duozhongyinsudezuoyongxia，guoneixianqileyichangxinpianrechao。
mianduiyanjundeguojixingshiheqiangdadejingzhengduishou，weilebaituozhongguoxinpianjinkouyilaichengdudadebeidongjumian，xinpiandeguochanhuasihuchenglezuiyoujieheweiyijie。
guowaidexinpianduangonghexinpianguochantidai，duiyuguoneiyizhongchangshang，shenzhizhenggechanyelaijiang，zeshijiyuyutiaozhanbingcunde，zhengshiruci，guoneixinpianxingyezaijinnianyinglailebaofa。
quanweijigoutongji，2015nianguoneixinpianshejiqiyezhiyou736jia，rujin，zheigeshuziyijingbaozengdaole1698jia。
tongshi，zai2019de“zhongguoxin”zhengjizhong，gongshoudaolelaizi125jiaxinpianqiye，leiji187kuanxinpianchanpindebaomingcailiao，baomingqiyeshuliangtongbizengzhang22.5%，zhengjichanpinshuliangtongbizengzhang21%。qizhongqiyebaoming“nianduzhongdachuangxintupochanpin”21kuan、“youxiujishuchuangxinchanpin”100kuan、“youxiushichangbiaoxianchanpin”47kuan、“youxiujishuchengguozhuanhuaxiangmu”19xiang。
此前，品利股权投资基金投资经理陈启也对媒体表示，在芯片制造领域，中国已经有匹敌国外的企业出现。芯片核心产业链是芯片设计、芯片制造、封装测试。在芯片制造环节，原材料、耗材以及设备、辅助制造系统就是产业链的支点，已有科创板公司在该领域具有业内领先的技术。
zhidezhuyideshi，guojiajichengdianluchanyetouzijijinerqigufenyouxiangongsiyiyu2019nian10yue22rizhucechengli，zhucezibenwei2041.5yiyuan，gong27weigudong，junweiqiyefarenleixing。
youyeneirenshiyuji，dajijinerqihuoyujinnian11yuekaishitouzi。congtouxiangshangkan，erqihuozhiliyudazaozizhukekongdejichengdianluchanyelian。
lingyigebijiaoleguandeshishishi，yuelaiyueduodepinpai、xiangmukaishixuanzeguochanxinpian。suizhebeidoudaohangxitong、chaosuantianhesanhao、5gtongxundengxiangmudefazhan,keyiyujianguochanxinpianjiangyinglaixinyibofazhanqiji。
duoweitouzijigoudexiangguanfuzerenyeduicvzhishibiaoshi，zaoqitoudeyixiexinpianchangshangzaijinniandouyikaishiliangchan，bufenqiyeyijingshixianleyingli。
ruciyilai，yejiubunanlijieweihexinpianxingyedechangshanghuiruciyiwofengdizaijinnianjizhongfalile。
5g、aiweixinpianjingzhengtisu
chuleguoneiwaixingshiheguochantidaifengzhiwai，5gheaizaijinniandekuaisufazhanyezaixinpianxingyezhongqizheburonghushidetuidongzuoyong。
今年以来，全球都在推进5G生态建设，而5G芯片是整个生态中的关键一环。可以看到，高通、英特尔、、、zhanruiyijilianfakedengdouzaijijibuju5g。
zaizheiyizhongchangshangzhizhong，huaweikeyishuoshipaodezuikuaide，jinnianyilai，xianhoufabuleduokuanquanqiushoukuanxinpian，yuqitachangshangxunsulakailechaju，jinyibugonggulezijidediwei。
dangran，zhongduanxinpianlingyulongtougaotongzai5gxinpianshangyeshidongzuopinpin，zaoqianbiantuichulejidaixiaolongx50，zhichengoppo、vivo、xiaomidengshoujichangshangfali5gchanpin，yihandeshi，gaixinpianzhizhichinsawangluo，buguozaijinnian12yuechu，gaotongfabule8xilieyiji7xiliezuixindesankuanchanpin，manzushoujichangshangdefazhanxuqiu。
chucizhiwai，lianfakeyefabuleqixiashoukuanhelio m70jidaihe5gyidongpingtaitianji1000。zhanruizaijinnianchuyefabuleliangkuan5gchanpin，fenbieshi5gtongxinjishupingtai“makalu”yijishoukuan5gjidaixinpian“chunteng510”，2019 nian 10 yue，sanxingfabule exynos 990 chuliqihequanxinde 5g jidai exynos 5123。
zhideyitideshi，5gzhongduanxinpiandeyanfashifenkunnan，zuoweipchefuwuqilingyuxinpianjutou，yingteeryizhiyoujinjunyidongzhongduanlingyudeyexin，buguo，zaijinnianyingteerwunaixuanbufangqi5gjidai，muqianyingteeryijingjiang5gjidaiyewu“mai”jilepingguo。
wuyi，zai5gxinpianfangmian，mataixiaoyingyuelaiyuemingxian，dachangzhijianjingzhengyeyujiajilie，danxianzaichangshangzhijiangengduodeshikaweizhizhan，bingweidaosishadechengdu。
fangzhengzhengquankejixingyeshouxifenxishichenhangcenggongkaibiaoshi，jinnianzhuyaoshijizhongzai5gqianzhouqidejijian，yejiushisuoweideyuanqijianshang，jianhaoleluzhihou，womenkaishipaoche，chejiushigezhongyingyong，biru5gshouji、vr、ar、tongxinxinpian，kechuandai，suoyixinpianxingyedejiaoliangcaiqidong，5gdejihuiqishizaiyuhoubanchang。
lingyifangmian，tongxinjishudegengxinyibanxuyaosidaowuniandezhouqi，suizhe5gjishudechengshuheshangyong，guoneisandayunyingshangjiangzaicijiadazibenzhichu，daidongcongtongxinjijian、dianzizhinengzhongduan、changjingyingyongluodi、neirongduangongjichuangxindequanchanyelianfazhan。
除了5G领域，在市场化的芯片赛道里面，最火热的莫过于AI芯片。
genjuzhongguowulianwangfazhanniandubaogaoxianshi，2016nianquanqiurengongzhinengxinpianshichangshichangguimodadao24yimeiyuan，yujidao2020nianjiangdadao146yimeiyuan，zengzhangxunmeng，fazhankongjianjuda。
jinnianaixinpiandefazhanyekequankedian，bingjinglilelujingcongtongyongzouxiangzhuanyongdejieduan。
aixinpianyoucongyingdaoruan、congruandaoyingliangtiaolujing。zaiyixietouzirenkanlai，congyingdaoruan，youshizaiyuxinpianchangshangyouxitongshixiandenengli，zunzhongkeguanguilv。congruandaoying，youyileishiweiletuixiaozijidejiejuefangan，kenenggenbenbuxuyaoliupian，ruguozhenzhengliupiandaguimoliangchan，bianyaokaolvkehuxinrendewenti。
wuyi，xinpianshejiqiyeyiranshidangqianaixinpianshichangdezhuyaoliliang，zhuyaochangshangbaokuoyingweida、yingteer、amd、gaotong、sanxing、enzhipu、botong、huaweihaisi、lianfake、marvell、sailingsideng。
据悉，AI芯片的供需主要分为两类：云端训练，终端推理。
qizhong，yunduangpuyingweidayijiaduda，jinhulongduanleshichang，zheibeihouzhuyaoshiyinweigpuzaibingxingjisuanfangmianjuyoutianranyoushi。
youyuyunduanxunlianxinpiandeyanfatouruda、liuchanfengxiangao，guoneijinyoushaoshugongsinenggoujinrugailingyu。muqianyouhuaweihaisishengtengxilie，alihanguang，yituquestcore，suiyuan，jingjiaweideng。
为打破垄断，国内头部及传统的IC制造商试图绕过被英伟达垄断的GPU框架，集体转向设计并研制专用计算芯片(ASIC)、fpgajironghexingyigouchuliqi，yimanzurengongzhinengshichangguangfanxuqiudeyunduanxunlianjizhongduantuilizuoye。
puhuayongdaoyuce，yunduanxinpianzhongfpgajiangyugpugongcunhenzhangyiduanshijian。
有分析认为，AI芯片竞争格局未定，即便在云端AI芯片英伟达一家独大的情况下，国产边缘端(推理)xinpian，guochanhuayouguangkuodeyingyongchangjingheshichangkongjian，suoyi2019nianguoneiaixinpianchangshangyezhengzaiquanlichongci。
jutilaikan，huawei、baidu、alidengkejijutouzhanshileqiyunduanaixinpiandezuixinjinzhanheluodiqingkuang。baokuohuaweituichudeaixinpianshengteng920healituichuqidiyikeaixinpianhanguang800。
tongshi，zhuduojujiaobianyuanyuzhongduandeaixinpianchuangqigongsi，yejiekaiqidiyidaihuozhezuixinyidaixinpiandeshenmimiansha。muqianzhuliudeshipin、yuyintuiliduanxinpianhairengweiraoarm、yingweidahehaisi。
erhaisishimuqiannenggouweiyiyijianengfugaishipinchuli、shouji、xianshiqi、jidinghedengjibenshenghuojiadiandexinpianchang，gengshihezhongguoshichang，bingqieshangxiayougongyinglianchengshu，wendinggonghuoyoudiqi。
zhongsuozhouzhi，aigongsishouxinpianqianzhijiuyi。
由于抵挡不住“抽芯”压力，人工智能产业同样需要国产芯片的一臂之力。而时至2019年底，这一产业的国产化替代趋势初露头角。
duici，gaochaoyezaiciqiandefenxiangzhongtandao，aiot+5g+3dchuangandengxindeyiboshichangjihuizhengzaidalituidongxinpianxingyedekuaisuzengzhang，xiaofeidianzishichangdehuobaoyejiangtuidongxiangguanxinpiandebaofashizengzhang。
国产芯片崛起正当时
dangqian，zhongguoyijingyoujin 2000 jiaxinpianshejixiangguanqiye，zhongguoxinpianqiyezhanquanqiuxinpianyingshou 13%。
ciwai，jinnianniandi，zhongguoxinpianxingyehaiyinglailesandatupo。
qiyi，jurimeibaodao，zhongguoxinxingxinpianchanyedechanliangyouwangzai 2020 niandizhandaoquanqiucunchuxinpianzongchanliangde 5%zuoyou，erzheiyizhanbizaiqunianhaijihuweiling。
qier，erjiqianduanshijiande14nm zhichenggongyihou，wuhanguangdianguojiayanjiuzhongxinmuqianyijingchenggongyanfa 9nm gongyizhichengdeguangke，zheiyeshizhongguojuyouzizhuchanquandejishu。
zaiyibanqingkuangxia，xinpiandeshengchanguochengbaokuolianggehuanjie——shejihezhizao。zaixinpianzhizaohuanjieyizhishizhongguoqiyezuidadeduanban，erxianzaizheiyangdechengjizeyiweizheguochanguangkejidejishunanguanyijingbeigongpo。
qisan，jingtaijidianyanzheng，zhongweibandaotizizhuyanzhide 5nm denglizitikeshiji，jiangyongyuquanqiushoutiao 5nm xinpianzhichengshengchanxian。
ciwai，congquanqiuyingkejigejubianhuadelishilaikan，zuozuidicengxinpiandejunshiquanqiuqianshiming。
cong1974niankaishi，quanqiudeyingkejibandaotidequanqiuqian10ming，jibenshangbeimeiguogongsibazhan。
danshinianzhihoude1988nian，ribengongsiduodeleqiansanming。zaiwanghoudeshinian，meiguohuifuyuanqi，ribenzhujianshuailuo，tongshi，hanguoheouzhougongsikaishizhanlutoujiao。
daole2008nianhanguogongsihetaijidianjinruqianwuming，qiansanmingfenbieshiyingteer，sanxinghetaijidian。
daoxianzai，congquniankaishiquanqiudeqiansanming，zhiyouyijiameiguoqiye，erqiansimingyouliangjiahanguoqiye，suoyizhenggeyingkejidexingyeshicongmeiguozhuanyidaoleriben，zaizhuanyidaolehanguo。
zhideyitideshi，xianzaisuoyouxiayoudegongyepinlei，zhongguojihushiquanqiudiyi，zhongguoxiayoushoujiqichegongyedefada，biranhuidaidongshangyougongyingliandefazhan，suoyidangxiazhengchuyuwangluoshengjide5gjixinpiandailaidejihuigengda。
keyikanchu，yuelaiyueduodezhengjubiaoming，zhongguodexinpianzhizaozhengzaijinruyigexinshidai。
yanxia，yiaixinpianweidaoxiangdebandaotichanyeluxianzhujianmingxi，erbeihoudexinpiandaigongjifengcedenggongyijieshoudaodingdanxuqiuyezhujianzengduo，huoxuzaiweilaishinian，keyikandaoyipizaiaishichangzhongxingcunxialaidedujiaoshou。
beijiguangchuangtoudongshizongjingliyangleirenwei，weilai20nianhuogengzhangshijian，zhongguoyoukenenghuichuxianleisigaotongtiliangjidegongsi。zaihongguanshang，jisuangoujiazaifashengfantianfudidebianhua，chuantongbandaotigongsidechuangxinmianlinyali；tongshioumeiribandaotirencaijijulaolinghua，erzhongguoyongyoujin20niandedaijiyoushi；zuihoumeiguobandaotitouzirensuoshengbuduo，zhongguobandaotitouzijijinyiranhuoyue。
boyuanzibentouzizongjianlvhekangyebiaoshi，“duanqilaikanshixingyereduyuandayushijiyingshoubianhua，zhongzhangqilaikanxiangduitoubudeqiyedouzaipaomaquandi，kanhaosandaowunianneiguoneixifenlingyuchuxianjueduilingxianyoushideqiye。”
目前在一些AI细分领域，如智能语音，国内的、海思、Amlogic(半导体)等已处于领先地位。
danbuguanshiduiyuchuantongxinpianqiyehaishixinpianchuchuangqiyeeryan，jinyikaozishenliliangqudetupodexiwangweihuqiwei，rujinwoguoxinpianchanyeyushijieyixianshuipingrengcunzaizheyidingdechaju，suoyihaishixuyaojiehezishenyoushiyujielixianyougongjupingtai，cainengzailanhaishichangzhongzhanjuyixizhidi，binghuodegengdadeshichang。
raner，yixiangchanyebingbucunzaiyirijianchengdekeneng。
zhongguoxinpianxingyerengranmianlinzhezizhukekongjishu、xinpianshejihezhizao、rencaidengkabozidewenti，qianlusuiranguangming，dandangxiazhilurengranchongmanjingji，duanqineibaituoduiguowaichangshangdeyilaihaiyouxiekunnan，weilaihenzhangyiduanshijianli，woguoxinpianchangshangyuguowaichangshangjiangbaochijingheguanxi。
zhengruwuyuefengzibenhehuorenxiongquansuoshuo，bandaotichanyelianquanqiuhuashibirandequshi，jinjinianshiyigeyaozhuazhudehaojihui，danyaozhanzaiquanqiuhuadejiaodulaizuo。zongguanqianyishizhidegongsidoushiguojihuade。zanmendechanpinzuizhongdouyaomaichuzhongguo，jianchiguojihuadefazhan，caiyoukenengzai10nian、15nianshenzhi20nianzhihouchuxianwanyijidegongsi，fouzeyekenengyidijimao。
结语
2018nianzhihou，quanqiubandaotikaishijinruxiaxingzhouqi，danguoneizengsuyiranbaochi20%，shiquanqiushuipingde3bei。
zaiwangqiankan，zhongguoxinpiancong2012nianyilaijiuyilubaochi20%zuoyoudezengsu，biaoxianchulechaoqiangrenxing。
zaijinnian，zheizhongnishituweideshitougengweimingxian。shujuxianshi，bei“dajijin”touzidebufenshangshigongsi，jinnianwulunshiyingshouhaishijinglirun，yizhiyuqizengsudouchaoguo25%+，guochanxinpianshangshigongsizhengzaikuaisuyingli。
dangran，woguoxinpiannenggoushixianbaimichongci、wandaochaoche，libukaichanyelianshangxiayougongsidepeitaozhichihexiangguanzhengcedefuchi。
zaozai2018nian3yue，guojiajiushoucijiangjichengdianlulieruleshitijingjifazhandediyiwei。
genjuguojiaduijichengdianluchanyefazhanguihua，yaoqiu2020nianguoneixinpianzijilvdadao40%，guochantidaikongjiangaoda4000yiyuanyishang。
daozuqiezhang，xingzejiangzhi。
可以预测，未来几年国产芯片厂商将稳稳地站在科技变革时代的风口，并很有可能逐渐成长为中国的核心竞争力。
zhanwang2020nian，guochanxinpianhuojiangyinglaifazhandeguanjianshike。
benwenshoufayutengxunkeji，weijingshouquan，budezhuanzai。
本文来自公众号：CV智识（ID：CVAI2019）