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美国当地时间8月17日，美国商务部工业和安全局（BIS）fabuleduihuaweidexiudingbanjinling，zheicijinlingjinyibuxianzhihuaweishiyongmeiguojishuheruanjianshengchandechanpin，bingzaishitiliebiaozhongzengjia38gehuaweizigongsi。
在此之前，美国政府还曾在今年5月升级了对华为限制，按照规定，9月14日以后台积电将无法继续为华为代工生产。zheiyejiuyiweizhehuawei9yue15riyihouyaomianlinxinpianduangongweiju。8yue7ri，zaizhongguoxinxihuabairenhui2020nianfenghuishang，huaweixiaofeizheyewuceoyuchengdongbiaoshi，youyumeiguodierlunzhicai，huaweiqilingaoduanxinpianzai9yue15rizhihoujiangwufazhizao，yinci，jinniankenengshihuaweizuihouyidaiqilingaoduanxinpian。
zaishoujichuliqixinpianfangmian，zi2017nianxiaomituichuqishoukuanziyanshoujichuliqixinpianhou，lianxuchenjile3nianzhijiu，xindepengpaixiliexinpianyijiumeiyoumianshi。riqian，xiaomiceoleijunzaigongsishizhouniandeyanjiangzhongbiaoshi，suirangaijihuazaoyulehendadekunnan，danxiaomihuizhizheqianxing。
youcibiankeyidejian，guochanshoujixinpiandefazhanchongmanlejianxin。
艰难的起步
2009nianyiqian，guochanshoujishiyougongnengjizhudaode，zheiyeshinuojiya、motuoluolaheximenzidetianxia。zhanzaitamenbeihoudeshoujixinpianchangshangzeshidezhouyiqi、ailixin、yifabandaoti、gaotongdengguojixinpianjutouqiye。zaidangshikanlai，shoujixinpianshejicunzaizhejiaogaodemenjian，tongshiyexuyaodabizijindetouru，yinci，xianyouxinwanjialaidapozheizhongjumian。
直到联发科推出了系统化芯片决方案，才使得功能机市场出现了一缕新的变化。dangshi，lianfakejichengleshoujichanyedeshangyouyuzhongyouhuanjie，baxinpian、ruanjianpingtaiheshejiquanbuwancheng，dafujiangdilexingyemenjian。jiyuci，lianfakexunsuqiangzhanlehenduoshichangfene，juxiangguanshujuxianshi，2007nianlianfakeshoujixinpianchuhuolianggaoda1.5yipian，quanqiushichangzhanyoulvjin14%，jinciyudezhouyiqijigaotong。
与联发科同时进入手机市场的，还有展讯（2014年，紫光收购了展讯，2016年紫光展锐成立，2018年1月，紫光集团旗下两家公司展讯通信和锐迪科微电子正式合并成紫光展锐）。zhanxunyeshidangshiweishubuduodezhiliyuyidongxinpianshichangdezhongguodaluwanjia。2007nian，lianfakeshoujichuliqixinpianmianlinzhequehuodetiaozhan，zheiyeweizhanxunqiangzhanshichangtigonglejihui。juxiangguanbaodaoxianshi，guoneizhuyaoshixiaxin、lianxiang、wentaidengpinpaicaiyonglezhanxunpingtai。juxiangguandebaodaoxianshi，2006nianzhanxunzhanjulezhongguoshoujijidaixinpianshichangchuhuoliang10%defene，jinciyutihemtk，paimingdisan，2007nianzhanxundeshichangfenekewangzengzhangdao20%。
yucitongshi，bansuizhe3gshidaideshidaidedaolai，zhinengshoujidechuxian“xuexi”lezhenggeshoujishichang。nuojiyadenglaopaishoujideshichangfeneshoudaolepingguohehtcdengxinxingshilidedaya。zaiciqijianyipiguochanzhinengshoujichangshangchuxianle，qizhongjiubaokuoxiaomi、huawei、oppo、vivodeng。xinshilidedaolaiyeyingxiangleshoujixinpianshichangchanshenglebiange，zaizheiqijian，tituichuleshoujichuliqishichang，gaotongzexunsudichengzhangleqilai。yucitongshi，lianfakehezhanxunyedashangle3gdelieche，danxiangbiyushiliqianghandegaotong，tamenyiranyaomianlinzhexindetiaozhan。
当时的普遍市场环境是，华为、小米等厂商都将联发科处理器用在中低端手机上，而高端芯片则往往用高通的。市场研究机构Strategy Analytics于2009年发布的一份报告中也指出，虽然联发科在手机芯片市场的份额为20%，利润仅次于高通，但联发科缺乏高端芯片产品，所以，他必须发掘新增长机会。（自那以后，联发科曾几次冲击高端手机芯片市场）
ciwai，congdangshishoujichuliqixinpianshichangdefazhanzhongkan，gaojichengduyijingchengweixinpianxingyedefazhanqushi。danduiyudangshidezhanxunlaishuo，zheizhongqushiyechengweileleyizhongtiaozhan。juxiangguanbaodaoxianshi，suirandangshizhanxunyijingnenggouwanchengduijidai、yingyongchuliqixinpianhedianyuanguanlixinpiandejicheng，danshiyouyutaquefashepinjishu，suoyiyizhiwufawanchengduishepindejicheng。mianduizheizhongtiaozhan，zhanxunyu2008nianchushoushougouleyijiameiguoshepinxinpianqiyequorum。
与此同时，在国内方面，2008年3月成立的联芯也开始涉足手机芯片领域。后来，酷派、小米等都成为了联芯的大客户。（2015年，小米推出的红米2A，搭载的就是联芯LC1860处理器）
自己动手丰衣足食
jinrudao2009nianhou，3gzhujianluodi，zhinengshoujixijuanlezhenggeshoujishichang。zaizheigeshidai，huawei、xiaomi、ovdengguochanshoujichangshangdouzaixunzhaozijichanpindemaidian——xiaomiyichaogaodexingjiabixiangyuguochanshoujishichang，ovzeyiyinleshoujiweiqiekouxunsuzhanlingleyibufenshichang，erhuaweiquexuanzeleziyanshoujixinpianzheitiaolu。
2009年，tuichulediyikuanmianxianggongkaishichangdeshoujizhongduanchuliqi——k3，danzheikuanchanpinquemeiyouchenggongdiyinqishichangdezhuyi。congdangshishoujixinpianshichangqingkuangkan，gaotongshizhongguoshoujixinpianshichangdemingxing。genjugaotong2009cainiandecaibaozhongxianshi，zaigaicainianzhongzhongguoshichanggongxianyouweituchu。anzhaoshourujisuan，zhongguoshichangchengweiledangniangaotonggongsidequanqiudierdashichang，shouruzhanbicong2008cainiande21%shangshengdao2009cainiande23%。
同时，在国际市场上也出现了苹果这样一家在智能手机上大放异彩的企业。苹果也是在差不多同样的时间，打起了自研手机芯片主意。2010年，苹果推出了首款自研芯片A4，A4在苹果、he intrinsitydeduozhonghezuoxiayingdelebucuodeshichangfanying。genjudangshigartnerdebaogaoxianshi，youyuiphone 4mianxianggengduoshichangchushou，rangpingguoyi16%deshichangfeneshoucijinruleshoujixiaoliangchangshangpaixingbangqianwuming，bingshideioschengweile2010niandi4jiadashoujicaozuoxitong。
或许是苹果的成功，让共同参与芯片研发，同时也是手机大厂的三星也对自研手机芯片动了心。2011nian，sanxingtuichuleexynosxiliedediyikuanchanpinexynos 4210。danjiyumouxieyuanyin，yijichannengshangwenti，exynosxiliexinpianbingmeiyouyongyusuoyousanxingdeshouji。sanxingshoujizhongrengyouyidabufencaiyongdeshigaotongdexinpian。
与此同时，2012年的手机芯片市场也出现了一次大变动——TI退出了。zaigongnengjishidai，ti omapchuliqishihenchusedeyingyongxinpian，danshiyouyutiyizhiquefawanzhengde3ghe4gjidaixinpian，shideqishichangfenebuduanjianxiao，yinci，zheicengjingdeshoujixinpianyidaibazhubuwanle。
yushi，womenkandaozaidangnianshoujixinpianshichangdepaimingjiubianchenglezheiyang——genjushichangyanjiujigouisupplidezuixinbaogao，2012niangaotongshoujixinpianshichangfenedadao31%，lianxu5nianchengweishoujixinpianshichanglongtou。sanxingyi21%defeneweijudier。dangnianqianshidashoujixinpianchangshangzhonghaibaokuo：lianfake、yingteer、skyworks、ti、stailixin、ruisadianzi、zhanxunhebotong。
当我们回顾这段历史，便可以发现，受惠于智能手机市场百家争鸣的情况，顺应时代的手机芯片供应商成长了起来。zai2010nianzuoyou，youyouxiegaozhanyuanzhudezhinengshoujichangshangyekandaoleshoujichuliqixinpiandezhongyaoxing，bingfenfentourudaoleziyanxinpiandexingliezhong。zaizheishinianshoujishichangdedongdangzhong，heimeidaoxiale、htcyezaoyihuihuangbuzai，danzheixieyouziyanxinpiandeshoujichangshangqueyiluzouzaidaolexianzai，tamengenglejiezhongduanshebeidexuqiu，tongguoziyanxinpiankeyizuidahuatuxianqizhongduanchanpindeyoushi。erzheihuozheyekeyishuo，shitamenziyanxinpiandeshiliweiletamenhoulaiqiangzhangengdadeshoujishichangfenepupingledaolu。
欲起高楼，宴自家客
guojishoujilongtouchenmiyuziyanshoujixinpian，guoneiyoushizenyangyifanguangjing？
cong2009niankaishi，huaweisuizaoyulecuozhe，danqueyizhimeiyoufangqishoujichuliqixinpianshichang。2013niandi，huaweihaisituichuleqishoukuansoc——qilin910，zheiyeshihaisidiyicichangshijiangaphebpjichengzaitongyikuaisocshang，danqixingnengquemeiyoulingshichangneimemanyi。juic insights2013niandeshuju，haisizaiquanqiupaiming12wei，erzhanxunpaiming14wei。
一年后，麒麟920战平上一代高通芯片（高通骁龙801），cairangqilinxiliexinpianyoulebeishichangkanhaodejihui。
yucitongshi，zhongduanshoujikaishicong3gxiang4gzhuanhuan，zheizaiyiciweiguochanshoujidailailefazhanjihui。zaizheigeguochengzhong，guochanshoujichangshangyejuexingletamende“zaoxin”zhihun，xiaomijiushiqizhongdedaibiaozhiyi。
小米造芯的路，可以说是与联芯的合作开始。根据Digitimes Research的数据显示，联芯科技在2014年第二季度是中国第六大智能手机应用处理器供应商，市场份额占3％（同一时间，展锐以9.7％的市场份额位列中国手机处理器芯片市场第3位，华为海思则以5.3％的份额紧随其后）。suihou，daole2014nian11yuedi，xiaomigongsiyulianxinkejihezuo，shuangfanggongtongchuzichenglixingongsibeijingsongguodianziyouxiangongsi，zhuanmenfuzeshoujixinpianhexinjishudeyanfayuyingyong。hongmi2acaiyongdezhengshisongguojiyuzheigepingtaiyanfadexinpian。
在2014到2015年时间里，中国手机处理器芯片市场也迎来一些改变。2014年，紫光出手收购了展讯。2015年，实力相对较弱的联芯在计划收购Marvell的无线芯片业务来增强自身实力；同年，yuyingteerjinxinghezuo，zhengshijinruapxinpianshichang。
但此时，中低端手机处理器市场已经被联发科和展讯所占据，高通几乎已经垄断了高端手机芯片市场。ruguobushiyongzijiadeshoujizhongduan“zuoshiyan”，huoshizaoyushichangbianhuadaozhigongyingshangfashengbiange，zejiuyiweizhehoulaijinrugailingyuwanjiayijinghennanzhaozaidaojinrudaoshoujichuliqixinpianshichangdejihui。
这也或许就是在2015到现在的近5年时间内，手机处理器市场再难出现新玩家的原因之一（此处的新玩家指的是类似高通、联发科这样，可为任何一家手机厂商提供芯片的企业）。querdaizhideshi，yuelaiyueduodeguochanshoujichangshangkaishiziyanshoujichuliqixinpian。
qizhong，2017 nian2 yue，xiaomituichuleqishoudaiziyanxinpianpengpais1，tongshixiaomiyetuichuledazaipengpais1 dezhongduanjixiaomi5c。
cong3gdao4gshidai，rangguochanshoujichangshangyoulezaishoujichuliqixinpianshangdetansuo。ercong4gdao5gdeshidai，zerangguochanshoujichuliqixinpianzoushanglelingwaiyigegaodu。
huaweijiuqizhongdedaibiao，2017nianshouhuiyu5gheaishidaidelailinqilinxiliexinpianyinglaiqigaoguangshike。dangnian，haisilvxiantuichulezaishoujisocxinpianshangjichengduliaijisuanmokuai“npu”dediyidaiaixinpianqilin970。2018nian，huaweizhongduanyewushoucichaoyueyunyingshangyewuchengweizuidayingshoubumen，yeshuomingleshichangduidazaiqilinxinpiandezhongduanderenke。zhiciyihou，huaweiqilinxiliexinpianyebeishiweishikeyiyugaotongxiaolongxilie、pingguoaxiliexinpianyijiaogaoxiadechanpin。
genjushichangdiaochajigoucinno researchgongbude2020niandiyijiduzhongguodalushichangshoujixinpianchuhuoliangpaimingxianshi，huaweihaisiqilinchuliqiweiliediyi，shichangfenewei43.9%；gaotongxiaolongxinpianweiliedier，fenewei32.8%。lianfakehepingguofenbieyi13.1%he8.5%paizaidisan、disiwei。
lingyifangmian，zi2018nianyuruidikezhengshiwanchenghebingdezhanxun，yeyiziguangzhanruidexinshenfenweiguochanshoujichuliqixinpianshichangtianzhuanjiawa。2019nian，zhanruifabule5gtongxinjishupingtai——makalu，erhouyoutuichuleshoukuanjiyumakalutongxinjishupingtaide5gjidaixinpian——chuntengv510。juxiangguanbaodaoxianshi，zhanruitoulu，jiyu5gjidaixinpianchunteng510kaifade5gzhongduan，jiangyoushushikuanzaijinnianshangyong，baokuohaixin、lianxiangdengpinpai。zaijinniandangzhong，zhanruihaifabuxinyidai5g socyidongpingtai——hubit7520。
chucizhiwai，oppoyezaijinniandangzhonggongbuleqiziyanxinpiande“maliyanajihua。juzhengquanshibaoegongsibaodao，zhenduizhidingzaoxinpianjihua，oppohuiyingcheng，oppodehexincelveshizuohaochanpin，renheyanfatourudoushiweilezengqiangchanpinjingzhenglihetishengyonghutiyan。
遭封禁，影响几何
zaiguochanshoujichulixinpianbaihuaqifangdeshi，zhongmeizhijiandemaoyihuanjingbianhua，queweizheigeshichangtianleyisiyinmai。
meifangduizhongguobandaotichanyekaishijinxingdaya，qizhongbaokuoleduixinpianzhizaofangmiandexianzhi。gaiguidingxianzhi“jishixinpianbenshenbushimeiguokaifasheji，danzhiyaowaiguogongsishiyonglemeiguoxinpianzhizaoshebei，jiubixuhuodemeiguozhengfudexuke，cainengxianghuaweihuoqifushugongsitigongxinpian”。erduiyushoujichuliqixinpianlaishuo，caiyongzuixianjindezhichengrengshitishengxinpianxingnengdeyibufen，zheizejinlingduiyuhuaweilaishuoshiyizhongdaji。
zuoweiguochanchuliqixinpiandedaibiaozhiyi，huaweizaiqixinpianwufajiaoyoutaijidiandaigong，erzhongxinguojidengbentuchangshangzaigaoduanxinpianzhizaoshangdejishuhegongyinenglihaiyouhendachajudeqingkuangxia，kenenghuishiquzaigaoduanshoujichuliqixinpianshichangdejingzhengli，congeryingxiangqishoujidexiaoliang。
jueetciqiandebaodaoxianshi，huaweizaijinnianerjidudezengzhangzhuyaolaiziyu2000yuan~4000yuanrenminbijiageduandezhonggaoduanshichang，yiji6000yuanrenminbiyishangdegaoduanqijianshichang。ruguoshiquleqilinxinpian，huaweizhonggaoduanshoujikenenghuidiushitamenchanpindedutemaidian。
huaweisuoxuyaodegaoduanshoujichuliqixinpiankedaitima？congshichangqingkuangzhongkan，lianfakezaiduocixianggaoduanshoujixinpianfaqichongjihou，zhongyuzai5gshidai，youlefanshendejihui。danwaimeiandroid authorityzhichu，lianfakemuqiandegaoduanxinpiantianji1000+bingbushihuaweiqilinxinpiandeheshitidaipin。
如果，华为选择用国内的代工厂来生产芯片，又会如何？众所周知，目前国内最先进的晶圆代工厂是中芯国际，中芯国际14nm在2019年为公司贡献营收。也有消息显示，中芯国际14nm技术已经用于部分华为麒麟系列芯片。同时，也有消息显示，中芯国际也在努力开发下一代主要节点（N+1），xuanchengjuyoukepimei 7nm gongyidebufentexing。xiangguanbaodaoxianshi，ruguoyiqieshunli，zhongxinguojiyouwangzai2020nian4jidukaishin+1zhichengdefengxianshichan，bingyu2021huo2022nianzhuanrudapiliangshengchan。dancongjingyuandaigongfazhandejinchengzhongkan，zaiqitadaigongchangdoujiangzaijinnianliangchan5nmdebeijingxia，daidaozhongxinguojiliangchankepimei7nmgongyiden+1gongyizhishi，taijidianyijingnengliangchandierdai5nmgongyi，youcilaikan，zhongxinguojidejishuxianranbuzuyimanzuhuaweiqilinxinpiandexuqiu。
suiranyougongyinglianxiaoxixianshi，huawei5nmxinpiangongyingchongzu，xiabannianchuhuowentibuda，yejiuyiweizheduanshijiannei，huaweizaigaoduanshoujichulixinpianfangmianhaiyouyidingdejingzhengli，danruguozheizhongjinlingzhangqicunzaiyouhuizenyang？anzhaozhongxinguojiyuqitadaigongchangshangtuichuxianjinzhichengdeshijianbiaozhongkan，meiguodezheizejinling，jiangkenenghuishihuaweigaoduanshoujixinpianluohouyuqitachangshangyidai。
zheizhongyingxianghuoxubujinjinzhijuxianyuhuaweibenshen，shiqulehuaweizheiyiqiangjingdejingzhengduishouhou，huishideqitashoujixinpianchangshangzaiyijiafangmiangengjuyoushi。erzheijiuhuidaozhiqitaguochanshoujiqiyedechengbenchuxianzengjia，ruguotamenshoujidejiageyinciyousuotigao，zhudaxingjiabideshoujichangshangkenenghuizaoshoudaji。ruguoyaokongzhishoujia，tamendelirunkongjianjiuhuijianshao，erzheiqizhongyeyoubushaochangshangzaiziyanshoujixinpian，lirunjiangdiwuyiyehuiduitamenjiexialaiyaoweichidaguimodezijintouruzaochengyidingdeyali。
meiguozheizejinlingbujinduizhongguoxiangguanqiyezaochengleyingxiang，tongyangyekenengshideyixiemeiguoqiyezaoshousunshi。juxiangguanbaodaoxianshi，gaotongmuqianzhengnuliyoushuomeiguozhengfu，qiwanghuodehuaweidexinpiandingdan。jumeimeifenxi，gaotongzhisuoyirucizheji，yishiyinweigaotongbingfeihuaweiweiyidexuanze，ruguogaotongruoshiquhuaweidingdan，kenenghuishiqu80yimeiyuanshichang。ershi，huaweidedingdan，kenenghuizhutuilingwaideshoujixinpianchangshangdejueqi，congerweixiedaogaotongxianzaidediwei。
结语
华为轮值董事长徐直军在今年的年报沟通会上曾表示，就算在（上游芯片代工被禁）zheizhongqingkuangxia，huaweihainengconghanguodesanxing、zhongguotaiwanlianfake、zhongguozhanxungoumaixinpianlaishengchanshouji，jiusuanhuaweiyinweizhangqibunengshengchanxinpianzuochulexisheng，xiangxinzaizhongguodaluhuiyouhenduoxinpianqiyechengzhangqilai。
womenqidaizhe，guochanbandaotichanyedadaojushiyituanhuo，sanruomantianxingdeneiyitian。
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