01
yi、yinzhidianluban（pcb）jichuzhishi
什么是印制电路板？
qingdaohaiyuejidiankejiyouxiangongsi
yinzhidianluban，jianchengpcb(printedcircuitboard)，shitongguoyidingdezhizuogongyi，zaijueyuandufeichanggaodejicaishangfugaishangyicengdaodianxingnenglianghaodetongbomogouchengfutongban，ranhougenjutidepcbtudeyaoqiu，zaifutongbanshangshikechupcbtushangdedaoxian，bingzuanchuyinzhibananzhuangdingweikongyijihanpanheguokong。zaishuangmianbanheduocengbanzhong，haixuyaoduihanpanheguokongzuojinshuhuachuli，jizaihanpanheguokongdeneikongzhouweizuochentongchuli，yishixianhanpanheguokongzaibutongcengzhijiandedianqilianjie。
02
PCB的功能？
weidianluzhongdegezhongyuanqijiantigongbiyaodejixiezhicheng。
tigongdianludedianqilianjie。
yongbiaojifuhaojiangbanshangsuoanzhuangdegegeyuanqijianbiaozhuchulai，bianyuchazhuang、jianchajidiaoshi。
03
PCB的分类
anzhaozaiyikuaibanshangdaodiantuxingdecengshu，yinzhidianlubankefenweiyixia3lei。
（1）单面板
yimianfutong，lingyimianmeiyoufutongdedianluban。danmianbanzhinengzaifutongdeyimianbuxian，qitedianshichengbendi，danjinshiyongyubijiaojiandandedianlusheji。
（2）双面板
海越
shuangmianbanbaokuodingceng(toplayer)hediceng(bottomlayer)liangceng，liangmianfutong，zhongjianweijueyuanceng，liangmianjunkeyibuxian，yibanxuyaoyouguokonghuohanpanliantong。youyuliangmianjunkeyibuxian，duibijiaofuzadedianlu，qibuxiandebutonglvbidanmianbandegao，suoyitashimuqiancaiyongzuiguangfandedianlubanjiegou。qingdaohaiyuejidiankejiyouxiangongsizhongpinganyingjiaredianyuanneibuzhongyaodianlubanyecaiyongshuangmianban。
（3）多层板
duocengbanyibanzhi3cengyishangdedianluban。tazaishuangmianbandejichushangzengjialeneibudianyuanceng、jiedicengjiduogezhongjianxinhaoceng。suizhedianzijishudefeisufazhan，dianludejichengduyuelaiyuegao，duocengbandeyingyongyeyuelaiyueguangfan。danyouyuduocengdianlubandecengshuzengjia，jijiagonggongyidailailenandu，tongshizhizuochengbenyehengao。
04
PCB板基本组成
（相关的名词术语）
（1）hanpan（ pad）
hanpan (pad）dezuoyongshifangzhihanxi、lianjiedaoxianheyuanjiandeyinjiao。
protel99sezaifengzhuangkuzhongjichuleyixiliebutongxingzhuanghedaxiaodehanpan，ruyuanxing、fangxing、bajiaoxingdeng。genjuyuanjianfengzhuangdeleixing。
hanpanfenweizhenjiaoshihebiaomiantiezhuangshiliangzhong，qizhongzhenjiaoshihanpanbixuzuankong，erbiaomiantiezhuangshiwuxuzuankong。xuanzeyuanjiandehanpanleixingyaozonghekaolvgaiyuanjiandexingzhuang、daxiao、buzhixingshi、zhendongheshoureqingkuang、shoulifangxiangdengyinsu。
（2）guokong （via）
duiyushuangcengbanheduocengban，gexinhaocengzhijianshijueyuande，xuzaigexinhaocengyoulianjieguanxidedaoxiandejiaohuichuzuanyigekong，bingzaizuankonghoudejicaibishangdianjijinshu (yechengdianduhuojinshukonghua），yishixianbutongdaodiancengzhijiandedianqilianjie，zheizhongkongchengweiguokong （via）。
guokongyousanzhong，fenbieshicongdingcengguantongdaodicengdechuantoushiguokong、congdingcengtongdaoneicenghuocongneicengtongdaodicengdemangguokongjineicengjiandeyinbiguokong。guokongdeneijing （tongkongzhijing hole size )yuwaijingchicun (guokongzhijing diameter）yibanxiaoyuhanpandeneiwaijingchicun。
（3）tongmodaoxian （track）
yinzhidianlubanshang，zaihanpanyuhanpanzhijianqidianqilianjiezuoyongdeshitongmodaoxian，jianchengdaoxian (track），shiyinzhidianlubanzuizhongyaodebufen。tayekeyitongguoguokongbayigedaodiancenghelingyigedaodiancenglianjieqilai。yinzhidianlubanshejidoushiweiraoruhebuzhidaoxianlaijinxingde。
（4）飞线
zaipcbshejiguochengzhong，haiyouyizhongyudaoxianyouguandexian，changchengweifeixianhuoyulaxian。feixianshizaiyinruwangluobiaohou，xitonggenjuguizeshengchengde，yonglaizhiyinxitongzidongbuxiandeyizhonglianxian。
（5）wangluo（net）
congyigeyuanjiandemougeyinjiaoshangdaoqitayinjiaoshangdedianqilianjieguanxichengzuoweiwangluo (net)。meiyigewangluojunyouweiyidewangluomingcheng，kerenweitianjiadehuoxitongzidongshengchengde，xitongzidongshengchengdewangluomingyougaiwangluoneilianggelianjiediandeyinjiaomingchengzucheng。
（6）wangluobiao（netlist ）
wangluobiaomiaoshudianluzhongyuanqijiantezhenghedianqilianjieguanxi，yibancongdianluyuanlituzhonghuoqu，tashidianluyuanlitushejihepcbshejizhijiandeqiaoliang。
（7）安全间距
jinxingyinzhidianlubanshejishi，weilebimiandaoxian、guokong、hanpanjiyuanjianjiandejuliguojinerzaochengxianghuganraojiubixuzaitamenzhijianliuchuyidingdejianju，zheigejianjujiuchengweianquanjianju (clearance)。
（8）zhuhanmohezuhanmo
geleimo(mask)bujinshipcbzhizuogongyiguochengzhongbibukeshaode，erqiegengshiyuanqijianhanzhuangdebiyaotiaojian。an“mo”suochudeweizhijiqizuoyong， “mo”kefenweiyuanqijianmian(huohanjiemian)zhuhanmo(top or bottom solder)heyuanqijianmian(huohanjiemian)zuhanmo(top or bottom paste mask)lianglei。
zhuhanmoshituyuhanpanshang，tigaokehanxingnengdeyicengmo，yejiushizailvsebanzishangbihanpanlvedadeqianseyuan。
zuhanmodeqingkuangzhenghaoxiangfan，weileshizhichengdebanzishiyingbofenghandenghanjiexingshi，yaoqiubanzishangfeihanpanchudetongbobunenghanxi，yincizaihanpanyiwaidegebufendouyaotufu
yicengtuliao，yongyuzuzhizheixiebuweishangxi
（9）丝印层
weifangbiandianludeanzhuangheweixiu，zaiyinzhibandeshangxialiangbiaomianyinshangsuoxuyaodebiaozhituanhewenzidaihaodeng，liruyuanqijianbiaohaohecanshu、yuanqijianlunkuoxingzhuanghechangjiabiaozhi、shengchanriqidengdeng，zheijiuchengweisiyinceng(silkscreen top／bottom overlay)。
（10）元件的封装
dianluyuanlituzhongdeyuanjianshiyongdeshishijiyuanjiandedianqifuhao；pcbshejizhongyongdaodeyuanjianzeshishiyongshijiyuanjiandefengzhuang (footprint)。yuanjiandefengzhuangyouyuanjiandetouyinglunkuo、yinjiaoduiyingdehanpan、yuanjianbiaohaohebiaozhuzifudengzucheng。butongdeyuanjiankeyigongxiangtongyigeyuanjianfengzhuang，tongzhongyuanjianyekeyiyoubutongdefengzhuang。
yuanjianfengzhuangdemingmingyibanyuguanjiaojianjuheguanjiaoshuyouguan，rudianzufengzhuang
axial0.3zhongde0.3biaoshiguanjiaojianjuwei0.3yingcunhuo300mil（1yingcun=1000mil）；shuangliezhichashiicfengzhuangdip8zhongde8biaoshijichengkuaideguanjiaoshuwei8。
gengduoguanzhuweixingongzhonghao：jiuwenwang
