“做一个操作系统的技术难度不大，难度大的是生态。”——任正非
华为被谷歌断供之后，余承东宣布华为将自研操作系统，新系统被命名为“鸿蒙”，国外称“ARK OS”，余承东表示将于今年九月份推出。有人为华为捏了把汗能否在Android和iOS两大巨头夹击之下活下来，也有人表示dequanxinjiagoujiangchengweilaicaozuoxitongbiaogan，danshiwulunzenyang，hongmengdaomuqianweizhidouhaishuyugainianchanpin。suoyizheigetimushuoshitanhongmeng，burushuoshitancaozuoxitong。
meiyoulishi，jiumeiyouweilai。yiqicongcaozuoxitongdelishilaikankan，hongmengdaodichuzaizenyangdehuanjingzhixia，huaweijiangzouxianghechu。
shijieshangcaozuoxitongshengyizuodezuihaodeshiweiruan，danshishijieshangdiyigezuocaozuoxitongshengyidebushiweiruan，windowsyebushishijieshangzuihaoyongdexitong。qibuzhichu，windowshetazuidadejingzhengduishou——pingguoxitongxiangbi，yechalezhengzhengyidai，danshiwindowsquenengyuejuqishang，zhanjuquanqiujinjiuchengdecaozuoxitongfene，caozuoxitongdejianghuli，buyidingshijishuzhudaode。
1.商业操作系统的起点：Unix
shijieshangdiyikuanshangyongcaozuoxitongshiunix，laiziyudamingdingdingdebeiershiyanshi，zhuyaocaodaoshouzeshicyuyanzhifu——dennis ritchie。dangshidennis ritchiezaibeiershiyanshigongzuo，lishuyuat&tgongsi，yutongyongdianqi、mithezuoyigecaozuoxitongxiangmu，houlaixiangmujieti，dennis ritchiemeiyoucaozuoxitongkeyong，bianzijixieleyige，zheiyinggaijiushitushouxiedaimadexianqule。bujinniurenzongshizhaduichuxian，youxiudezuopinyezhaduichuxianzaiyigedaniushouzhong，unixhecyuyanzaidennis ritchieshouzhongdanshengzhihou，erzheshuangshenggongying，kaiqileyiduanchuanqilishi。houlaidehenduocaozuoxitong，baokuowomenchangyongdemac os、zaichengxuyuanquanzineiposhouhaopingdelinuxdouzhijiehuojianjieheunixchanshengzhelianxi。
danshineishihoudecaozuoxitonghexianzaibingbuyiyang，meiyoutuxingjiemian，yingjianfangmianyemeiyoushubiao，yonghunengkandaodezhiyouyixingyouyixingdedaima，putongdazhongjihuwufashiyong。nenggourangdiannaohecaozuoxitongjinruxunchangbaixingjia，tebieyaoganxieyigeren，jiushizaidianzixiaofeipinzhongchuangzaoleyigeyouyigechuanqidepingguoqianzhangmenren——qiaobusi。
2.Windows和Mac OS的恩怨
caozuoxitongtongchangshiheyingjianxiangbanershengde，zhishaoqiaobusizheimerenwei。qiaobusishiyigeyouyishujiaqinghuaideren，zaitadeyanli，yingjianheruanjianshiyitide，zhiyouwanquanjianrongdeyingjiancainengjiyonghudailailianghaodetiyan，pingguodiannaoheiphoneduiqiaobusieryangengxiangshiyijianyishupin，suoyitayizhijianchiruanjianyingjianyiqimai，pingguoyecongmeixiangyaochengweiyijiaruanjiangongsi。
dajiadouzhidaopingguohewindowsdesuyuanyijiu，qiyuantouyaocong20shiji80niandaishuoqi，neishihouqiaobusidepingguogongsiyijingjibenchengxing，zhengzaihezhumingde“lansejuren”ibmgongsiaozhanzhenghan，fengkuangdizhengduozhegerendiannaozheikuaidangao，neishihoudebier·gaicihaizhishiyigeruanjiankaifashang，wanquanmeiyouhezheiliangdachangshangjiaobandekeneng。neishihouyehaimeiyouwindows，zhiyouyigebeichengzuodosdediduanxitong，kadun，caozuofuza，zaishichangmeiyoushenmejingzhengli。
1981nianmo，qiaobusiyaoqinggaicicanguanpingguojihuatuichudemaijintayangji，xiangrangweiruanbangtakaifayuzheikuanxinjiqixiangpipeideyingyongruanjian。zaikanyanshishi，bier·gaicishunjianbeiqituxingjiemianhefangbianlinghuodeshubiaopeihejixiyinzhule，zaicizhiqiantawanquanmeiyouxiangdaocaozuoxitongjingrankeyizuodezheimejianjie，xinlidaqilezijidesuanpan：kanlaizheishiweiruandosxitongweilaidefazhanfangxiang。dangshideqiaobusibingmeiyoujiangdosfangzaiyanli，pingjiadosxitongwei“xiangshiyiyang”。
niurenzongshiyouchaorendexiujue，qiaobusisuiranmeibadosfangzaiyanli，danshiyemeiganqingshibier·gaici，zaiheqihezuodetongshi，yeqiangpogaiciqianxiaxieyi，chengnuoweiruanbuhuibaweipingguobianxiederuanjianyongyurenhefeipingguogongsizhizaodejisuanjishang。keshiqiaobusibaimiyishu，gaixieyimeiyoujinzhiweiruanbianxieleisimaijintadecaozuoxitong，weiruanzaijipingguobianxieyingyongchengxudetongshi，kaishikaifazijidewindowscaozuoxitong。zheiyeshiweishenmezaicaozuoluojishangerzhezongshi“changfandiao”——macosdetuichu/quxiaojianzaizuoshangjiao，windowszaiyoushangjiao;macosgunlunxiangshangshiwangyewangxia，windowszeshixiangxia，zheiyidianzhijinyebeihenduoyonghutucao。
weiruanzaijipingguobianxieyingyongchengxudetongshi，kaishikaifazijidewindowscaozuoxitong，danshizheigeshihoudewindowshaibuzuyiduipingguodemaijintaxitonggouchengweixie，windowsdejueqiyuanyuweiruandelingyigejueding：biergaicijiangwindowsdejiagexiajiangdao5meiyuan，zheigechaodidejiageranghenduoyonghuliandaobandoulandezhuang，youciwindowsxunsujueqi，zhanlingledapianshichangfene，zaiguigudiandingleqibazhudiwei。bier·gaiciyebuzaishineigewenhedechengxuyuan，ershibianchengleguigudeyitouxiongshi，duipingguo，duizhenggeruanjianxingyezhangkailezijidekou。
3.Linux的崛起——我是你可怕的噩梦
weiruandecaozuoxitongshengyiqibuzhihou，xunsuchengzhang、tuibian，zhanjulequanqiudabufenshichang，weiruancongyiqianneigexiaoxiaoderuanjiangongyingshang，chengzhangweilekeyihepingguofentingkanglideruanjianqiye，danzaitongshibiergaicijiangbianchengkaifazheiyangyigechuangjianzaizhishigongxiangdexingyebianchengwanquanshangyehuaqiegaodubiyuanyeyinqileyibufenrendebuman。
zaicaozuoxitongjie，unixdeguangmangzhaoyaoshijie，zaiunixzhihoujueqidehaiyoulinus benedict torvaldshekaiyuanjingshen。unixbeihouyoubeiershiyanshidedaniujiachi，ziranxingnengwudi，danshihoulaisuoyouquanjijingzhanzhuanguishudaoat&tqixia，zuoweiyigeshangyegongsichanpin，unixdejiageyeshangshengdao4000meiyuan，chengweiyikuansansieryuanlidechanpin。zheiyibiyuanrangyuanbenjiao《caozuoxitong》deandrew tanenbaumjiaoshoumeiyoule“caozuoxitong”， andrewyezaiyicizhengmingledaniuzongshizhaduichuxiandezheitiaodingli，andrewyiyaoya，henhenxin，xiechuleyigejianrongunixdecaozuoxitong，houlaibeichengzuominix。zheiyiduandaimakeyishuoshilinuxdehuozhong，rangyuanzairuidiandelinus benedict torvaldsyezoushangletawushuqianbeidedaolu，bujiyong，neijiuzijixieyigecaozuoxitonglaiyong。jinjinlianggeyuehou，yige“qianchuangbaikongdanquepengqiaokeyishiyong”decipanqudongchengxuheyigexiaodaobunengzaixiaodewenjianxitongjiudanshengle，zheijiushidi0.01bandelinux。suihoulinusjiangcaozuoxitongshangchuanzhiftp，binggongbulequanbuyuandaima。zaiusenettaolunqu，linuschanshuqichuzhong：zaixincaozuoxitongzhong，“renmenkeyizijibianxiequdongchengxu，keyisuiyixiugaicaozuoxitongyishiyingbutongxuqiu，keyichangshizaiminixshangyunxingsuoyouchengxu，zheishiminixcongweiyouguodemeihaoyitian。”
随后的开发者都遵循着Linus的开源精神，崇尚知识共享，公布源代码，由于内核出自Linus，在一个开发者的建议下，Minix也改名为Linux，不断壮大。今天在全球前500台超级计算机中，有413台选用Linux。这些计算机遍布世界各地的多个行业，共同主宰着这个智慧的地球。大到航天科技，小到IC卡，wubucunzailinuxdeyingzi。
4.国产操作系统
zaihulianwangfazhandelichengzhong，meiyicichenggongdeanlidoubansuizhehulianwangkejidegeming，zhanzailangchaozhidian，jiusuannibudong，zheigulangchaoyehuituizheniqianjin。erduiyuhuaweilaishuo，zeshibeibishanglezheigulangchao，huaweifouchengweixiayigenongchaoer?
qishihuaweibushiguoneidiyijiazuocaozuoxitongde，yebuhuishizuihouyijia。zaozai1990nian，zaizhongkeyuanyuanshiniguangnandelvlingxia，zhongguojiutuichulezijidecaozuoxitong——hongqilinux。
zaichenglijin1nianhou，hongqilinuxchengweibeijingshizhengfucaigoudezhongbiaopingtai。zheicicaigouzaixingyeneiyingxiangzhongda，dangshi，baokuohongqi、yongzhong、jinshandengguochanruanjianjunzhongbiao，erweiruanqueyiwaichuju。zheishihongqide“huihuangshike”，yechengweiledingdian，niguangnandezhushouliangninghoulaihuiyiqizheiduanshiguang，tajiangqixingrongweidakuibai，hongqixuanbuyuguochanbangongruanjianyongzhonghezuo，jianghongqilinuxheyongzhongofficelianhexiaoshou，yongzhongoffice、jinshanwpsdengguochanruanjianjunjiyulinuxjinxingdekaifa，zheiyeyiweizhe，tamenyuweiruanofficeyoujianrongxingwenti。dangshijujileguoneiyidapirenyuanyanjiuruhepojieweiruandewendanggeshi，yishixianduxiehecunchudewanmeijianrong，danxiaoguobingbulixiang，“womenmeiyougaodingyonghutiyan”。 zaizhenzhengdeyonghushiyongzhong，yemeiyourenxiwangzijidewenjianhuanleyigejiqizhihoudabukaihuozheluanma，erweiruandangshizhanjuzhezhongguodabufenshichang，youcikanlai，dangnianbiergaicide“5meiyuan”zhizhan，yingle。congyikaishi，zheijiushiyichangjihuwufadayingdezhanzheng。
zhengruniguangnanyuanshisuoshuo，caozuoxitongbushinanzaijishu，ershinanzaishengtai。
5.鸿蒙操作系统
gugeduangongzhihou，huaweixiaofeidianzishouxizhixingguanyuchengdong(richard yu)biaoshi，huaweijiang“beipotuichuwomenzijidecaozuoxitongheshengtaixitong”。zheitaoxitongdatongleshouji、diannao、pingban、dianshi、qichehezhinengchuandaidengshebei，tongyichengyigecaozuoxitong，jianrongquanbuanzhuoyingyonghesuoyouwebyingyong。ruguoanzhuoyingyongzhongxinbianyi，zaizheitaocaozuoxitongshang，yunxingxingnengtishengchaoguo60%，zheishimianxiangweilaideweineihe。
duiyuhuaweizheiyangdegongsi，dazaoyikuancaozuoxitongziranbushinanshi，nandianyezhengruniguangnanyuanshisuoshuo——shengtai。zaishoujicaozuoxitong，yijingxingchengleandroidheiosliangdashengtai，eriosweizijiashiyong，zaifeipingguolingyu，jihushiandroidyijiaduda，huaweizizaohongmeng，shouxianmianlindejiushiandroidzheizuodashanheqijinqichengdeshichangzhanyoulv。
bizhekanlai，huaweiyaoxianghongmengxitongzhanwenjiaogen，bixujiejuesangewenti：diyi，yushangyouyingjiandejianrongxing，womenzhidaohuaweiyongyouzijideqilinxinpian，shouxianxuyaomingquedeshi，hongmengxitongshimianxiangqilinxinpianziyonghaishimianduiguangdashoujishengchanchangshang，chuhuaweishoujiyiwai，xiaomi、oppo、vivodengnengbunengyong?dier，yonghuwenti，tuichuhongmengzhihou，sheihuiyuanyiyong?zaiyonghushangmian，huaweiyouzijiguangkuodeyonghuqun，zheiyibufenxiangbidangnianhongqideshidanlibodayoubutong。lingwai，jinnianlaihuaweizhinengkechuandaishebeishichangfenezhubupansheng，jinnianq1huaweikechuandaishebeichuhuoliangzengzhangdadaole283%，5gduiyuhuaweilaijiangshiyigejudadefengkou，zaiwanwuhulianshidai，zhinengshebeidehulianyouweizhongyao，huaweizaizheiyidianzhanyoujidayoushi。disan，shengtaiwenti，yeshizuizhongyaodeyigewenti：sheihuiyuanyizaihongmengxitongshangjinxingruanjiankaifa?congmouzhongyiyishanglaijiang，yonghuduicaozuoxitongbujuyouxuanzequan，ershizhangwozaiappkaifashangshouzhong，lingwai，hongmengxitongshangdeappnengfouheandroidjianrong?congcaozuoxitonglishikeyikanchu，jishudedingjianduiyuyikuancaozuoxitonglaishuobingbushizuizhongyaodejuedingyinsu，xiayoukaifashangdecaiyongheyonghuqundekuodacaishihexinwenti。
duiyuhuaweixianzhuanglaishuo，you“anzhuomoshi”he“pingguomoshi”，“anzhuomoshi”yiweizhejianrongxingdekuoda，tigongruanjianfuwu，dantongshiyeyidinghuiyudaogugegengjiajuliedejuji，“pingguomoshi”zeshizhigongjizijiachanpinshiyong，zhenduiqilinchuliqidazao，tishengyonghutiyan，tongshidazaoshengtaiyebiandegengweikunnan。ranerhuashuohuilai，hulianwangshidai，yiqiejieyoukeneng，nengzouchuyitiao“huaweimoshi”yeweikezhi。
congqiyedejiaodulaijiang，huaweibenzhishangshiyijiashebeizhizaoshang，yitongxinqijiade，ciqianjiuhuaweiyaobuyaozuoshoujirenzhengfeihaiweicipaiguozhuozi“sheiyaoshizaitizuoshouji，wojiukaileshei?”。houlaiyouyurenzongdadubingmeiyoukaileshei，huaweideshoujiyewuyeshifengshengshuiqi，zhujianchengweixiaofeidianzishichangbazhuzhiyi，qizhongfanyingchulairenzhengfeidetaidujiushi——zhuanzhu，qixianhuaweizhixiangzuohaoshebeizhizao，xianzaihuaweiyebuxiangranzhicaozuoxitong，ruguobushibibudeyi，congqiyewenhuahezhanlvelaijiang，huaweidouhuixuanzehegugezhangqihezuo。conglingyifangmianlaijiang，huaweiqixianlizuyutongxin，houlaichengmingyuxiaofeidianzi，youlehuaweishoujihebijiben，jiashanghaisidexinpian，zheiyijingshiyigefeichangqiangdadetiliangle，ruguohuaweizaijinjuncaozuoxitong，huaweidetiliangjiangjinyibukuoda，yizhiyu“yongzhong”，zheiyangdadetiliang，huaweibuyidingnengchidexiao。
zongshang，bizherenweihuaweiyinggaibuhuixuanzejinjunruanjianxingye，ershixuanzezijiashebeicaiyongdemoshi，lingwai，yuanbenhongmengjiushibeitaijihuadeyibufen，hongmengxitongcunzaideyiyizaiyu“jiuwang”，erbuzaiyukuodayewufanwei，beijiarushitimingdanzhihou，huaweishilibenjiuxueruo，zheigeshihouzaikuodayewu，zhihuizaishuqiangdi。lingwai，zaikechuandaizhinengshebei、qichecaozuoxitongdengfangmian，huaweideyingxiangliyuelaiyueda，wanwuhulianjiangchengweihuaweiyigejudadetiaoban，zai5gfangmianhuaweiyijingzouzaishijieqianlie，keyikandao，huaweiyizhan“tianshi”、“dili”，zaixiayigehulianwanglangchao，huaweihenyoukenengjiushineigenongchaoer。