编者按：华为被美国制裁后，谷歌终止了华为手机用户访问谷歌程序。操作系统之痛让国人陷入了焦虑。虽说华为表明已经申请了自己的操作系统，但是很多人都在困惑，为什么中国没能有自己的操作系统？这篇文章将细细分析。
mianduianzhuodengzaicaozuoxitongshangdechezhou，womenbujinfansi，buquehulianwangjingyingdezhongguo，weihequecuoguolecaozuoxitongzheiyimenshengyi？
benwenzhuisuzi2000nianqidezhongguohulianwangqianye，xiangxishulilebishiwoguozaicaozuoxitonglingyudekeguankunjingyutuweichangshi，kaojuxiangshiqiebufuyubiaoceng，dulaipoyouyiguhuihongzhigan。
zaidangxiadeguanjianshike，womenbufangyishimingjian。
dangmeiguofanan，xitongyuzu，congzaoniande“hulianwangsanjianke”（wangzhidong、zhangchaoyanghedinglei），daobatdeliyanhong、mayunhemahuateng，huiguzhongguohulianwangde20nian，womenzuolesousuo、shangledianshang、youleshejiao，buquehulianwangjingyingdezhongguo，weihequecuoguolecaozuoxitongdeshengyi？
ruguowangshizhonglai，guochanxitonghuizaipofuchenzhoudenulixiadedaojiushuma？zhongguohulianwangchanyedebeizhanzhijin，mianduiguochanxitongnanchandexianzhuang，womendetupokouyouzaihefang？
yuguochanxitongyouguandeyiqieqiyinhelishi，douyaocong2000nianyiqiandezhongguohulianwangqianyeshuoqi。
neishidezhongguozaihuifugaokao20nianhou，suizhe90niandaidiyipijiechuhulianwangdenianqingrenburushehui，yijingchubupeiyangqilediyipihulianwangcongyezhe，qizhongzuijudaibiaodemoguoyuxinlangdewangzhidong、wangyidedingleiyijisouhudezhangchaoyang。tamensanren，yinweidouzai90niandaichuangbanlezhongguodiyidaihulianwanggongsi，erbeiyuwei“wangluosanjianke”。
1980niandaimo，gerenjisuanjikaishijinruzhongguo，dangshibaokuozhongguozhengfubumendezaineidesuoyougerenjisuanjijihuquanbushianzhuangms-doscaozuoxitong。
1990nianhou，jiyuwindowsdechenggong，guoneidezhishijiatingkaishipeitongyipeibeiwindowsxitongdesirendiannao，erzaisanrenchuangyeyijingburuzhengguide2000nian，windowsyijingchengweiguoneiheguojipcshichangdebiaopei。
2000nian，zuoweihulianwangpaomopoliedefanrongqianye，weiruanshizhiyizhiweichizai6000yimeiyuanshangxiazuoyoufudong，er2000nianhulianwangsanjiankezuoweiguoneihulianwangshangyegongsidedingjiandaibiao，xinlang12yimeiyuanjiawangyi4.65yimeiyuanhesouhu4.9yimeiyuandeshizhi，xianranhaibugouweiruandiguoyigefenzhibumendetiliang。
erzheizhongtiliangshangdechaju，yejuedingleguoneizhengchangshichangxiaderencaijichu，zhinengzuoheweiruanhezuodeshengyi，erzuobuleheweiruanduikangdemaimai。
shishishang，zaozai90niandaiweiruanjueqiqian，guoneijiuyijingkaiqilejisuanjiqimengdejiaoyukecheng，danzaidangshiquefahulianwangchanyedeqiantixia，guoneidehulianwangrencaihejishumanong，peiyanglaipeiyangqu，daduoyezhinengweilaizhongguodewaiguogongsizuolejiayi。
xitongdezhongyaoxing，tongguoweiruandeshizhibiankekuijianyiban，danyaoxiangzhizaoyigeguochanxitong，chuleyouqian、youshichang，haiyaoyouchanyelianherencailian。
xiangbiyusandamenhuzaishizhihezibentiliangshangheweiruandechaju，shichang、chanyeherencaicaishineishidezhongguohulianwangshichang，yaoxiangziyanguochanxitongzuixiquedeziyuan。
shouxian，congshichangeryan，neishidezhongguopcqimengjiaoyuyongdaodaoxitonghejiaoyuruanjianquanbujiyuweiruandequanjiatong，zaiyigeguoneilianbangongruanjiandouwufazijiyanfadeshidaili，youxiheyuleyingyongdejianrongxingchayi，weiruankaozhechanpindabazhuanqianheguoneiqiyezuozhebutiesichukuiqiandexianzhuang，yijingzaishichangcengmianxuangaoleziyanguochanxitongdejieju。
其次，国产系统的研制是一个系统工程，就像微软和英特尔的搭配关系，缺一不可。而当时国内即便有着做出“Windows”的实力，但却在yanfahezhizaoshangjibenchuyuzhenkongzhuangtai。
zuihou，zaochengzheiyiqiekunjuyijijintiankunjingdegenbenyuanyin，chuqueshijianqibushangdeyuanyinwai，zuigenbendewentizhizaiyuchanyelianqueshibeihou，zaochengderencaiqueshi。
zaozai20nianqian，meiguokaozheweiruanheyingteerbuduanxiangshehuishuchuyouzheshizhanjingyandedingjijingyingshi，zhongguodedabufenqianzaitiancai，quehaizaixuexiaodeketangshangtinglaoshijiangzhe“yumenhefeimen”delilunke。
jibian“jingyingbiye”，quefachanyeliangongsishouliudetamen，yaomechenglediannaoshouhoudekefudaibiao，yaomejiezheshanzhaishoujidejueqizuozhedongmaiximaideshengyi。
2000nianyiqiandezhongguohulianwangshichang，yuqishuoshi“guochanxitong”demengya，burushuoshizhongguohulianwangxinshengliliangdeconglingchufa。
2001nian，yankanzheweiruandiguozhujianzhuangda，guoneishichanglilianggenbushang，guojialiliangbiankaishilianhegaoxiao、qiyehekeyandanweijinxinglelingleidetuweizhilu。
qilincaozuoxitong（kylin os）
2001nianzhongxun，zhongguoguofangkejidaxue、zhongruangongsi、lianxianggongsi、langchaojituanheminzuhengxinggongsilianhezuoyanzhideshangyebiyuancaozuoxitong——qilincaozuoxitong（kylin os），zheishiweijibaikeshangyizhizuizaodeguochancaozuoxitongzhiyi。
“deepin（shendu） ”kaiyuancaozuoxitong
2004nian，wuhanshenzhidukejiyouxiangongsiyoutuichuyikuanmingwei“deepin”dekaiyuancaozuoxitong。tashijiyudebiandebuwendingbanbendeyigelinuxfaxingban。judistrowatchdeshujuxianshi，zai2017nianyiqian，deepin（shendu）shizuishouhuanyingdeyuanzizhongguodelinuxfaxingban。
hongqilinuxcaozuoxitong
hongqilinuxshiguoneilixiangzuizaodeguochancaozuoxitongzhiyi。gongkaiziliaojieshao，hongqilinuxdanshengyu1992nianhaiwanzhanzhenghe1999nianbeiyueruqinnansilafulianmengkesuowodiqushi，chenggongyunyongxinxizhantanhuanleduifangjihusuoyoutongxunxitong，yushizhongguokexueyuanruanjianyanjiusuofengmingyanzhijiyulinuxdezizhucaozuoxitong，bingyu1999nian8yuefabulehongqilinux 1.0ban。
2000nian6yue，zhongguokexueyuanruanjianyanjiusuoheshanghailianchuangtouziguanliyouxiangongsigongtongzujianlebeijingzhongkehongqiruanjianjishuyouxiangongsi。2001nian3yue，xinxibuyoutongguozhongguodianzixinxichanyefazhanyanjiuyuan（ccid）hebeijingsaidichuangyetouziyouxiangongsixiangzhongkehongqijinxingle96wanmeiyuandezhuzi。
hongqilinuxzuoweizhongguozuizaoyanzhideguochancaozuoxitong，qimingyunquebingweizaiduojiajigoudezhaoguxiazouruhuihuang，fanerzai2014nian2yue10ri，yinweijingyingkunnaneryouzhongkehongqitiechuqingsuangonggao。
2014nian8yue15ri，zhongkehongqimaishenwujiawanjingxinxichanyejituan。2015nian，jinglizhongzuhoudehongqilinuxyizhudajinrongquanyingyongjixuyunzuo，zhuyaozhenduizidongtikuanjidingzhixitong。weijibaikegongkaiziliaoxianshi，jiezhi2018nian，guoneidayueyou7wantaiatmjicaiyonghongqilinuxcaozuoxitong。
chulehongqi、shenduheqilinwai，cihoudeshiduonianli，guochanxitongzaizhuduoxuezheheliliangdetuidongxia，xianhouhaicengdanguobeimingmingwei：weikeleenlinux、qidiancaozuoxitong、ningsipanshianquancaozuoxitong、gongchuanglinux、sipu、zhongkefangdezhuomian、puhualinux、rt-thread rtos、zhongxingxinzhidian、yimingheyouqilindengshiduogeguochancaozuoxitongfangan。
zheixiexitong，doushijiyulinuxxitongshangdezaigaijin，tongguojianshaoxunijijinchengshuliang，huojiaqiangleanquan，huoqiangdiaolebangong。
hebiandikaihuade”guochanxitong“shuliangbutong，zheiqizhongdedaduoshucaozuoxitong，douzhishilinglingsansandebeizhuangzaishiyanxingdediannaoshang，jibianshijikuanxitongdezonghexiangjia，qishichangdangliangyebujiweiruanyijiadewanfenzhiyi。
zaochengzheizhongjumiandeyuanyinyouhenduo，chulediyibufentidaodeyixieguandianwai，zuizhuyaodeyuanyinzaiyu：
windowsxitongshiweiruandezhuanqianliqi，suoyoudejishuyanfatourudouyouwendinghuibao，bingqiezheizhongzhuanqianmoshiyijingheyingjianchangjiayingteeryijiruanjianchangjiaxingchenglewendingdeliyiliandong。
erguochandexinxingdexitongyuweiruandeliyilianmengxiangbi，gengduozhishizaizuodandadudoudeguochangxi。haobileitaibaihaole，meiyourenlaichang，yourenchangleyemeiyouduoshaorenlaikan。
bijing，guoquyanfadeguochanxitongzhong，zuichudemudejiubushiweilezhuanqian，ershiweileanquanheqitamude。
2001nian，hulianwangpaomopolie，xinxinxiangrongdezhongguohulianwanglangchaozaiganggangqibudemengyajieduanbianbeidalegedaochunhan。suizhedaochunhandexiaotui，xinliyouzheguochanxitongmengdealibabakaishijianlutoujiao。
erzai2010nianyiqian，suizheguge、ramhegaotongxinlianmengdejueqi，caozuoxitongdeshangyezhanzhengyesuizheshoujishichangfanrongyu3ghe4gyiqi，jinruyidongduanshichang。dangran，biqigugelianmenggengweixunmengde，shiyijiamingweipingguodeshoujigongsi。
pcshichangdeshiliyuanyuzaonianzhongguohulianwangshichangdezhengtichanruo，erdaoleyidonghulianwangshidai，zheigegejuzhidao2010nianyiqianyebingweidedaoguoshenmebenzhishangdegaibian。
yinwei2010nianyiqian，zaihulianwangshijiedeqianshiqiangmingdanzhong，bujinmeiyoubatdeweizhi，fanerhaiyoule“baidushizhongguoguge”、“tengxunshizhongguolianshu”er“alishizhongguoyamaxun”deshuoci。danyizhongguobanxxmingmingbenshen，yijingzujianbatzaidangshihulianwangjiedediwei。
shishishang，yi2009nianbatsanjiafenbie120yimeiyuan、110yimeiyuanhe240yimeiyuandeshizhieryan，zhongguobanguge（2009niangugeshizhishi2000yimeiyuan）、yamaxunhelianshudexingrongbeihou，daoyegewaitieqie。
shizhishiqiyezishenshilidezhenshibiaoxian，yinweiruguo100yimeiyuandeshizhiyiweizhekeyigongyang1wanchengxuyuan，neime1000yimeiyuandeshizhibeihou，zeyiweizhekeyiweiguojialanxia1wanchengxuyuanjingyinghe5wanchengxuyuanchubei。
2010nian，suizhebatsanjutoudediweiqueli，yeyushizhezhongguohulianwangsaidaojinruxiabanchangdeqiangshengjijiangxiangqi。
erzaonianshilibujidealibabasuiranzai2000niandao2010nianbingweishezuguochancaozuoxitong，danzhongguohulianwangshichangdejueqi，queweialibabazai2010nianyihoudexiabanchangjingzheng，zuozulezhunbei。
yuhulianwangruanjianfuwutongshijinruyubeiqide，haiyouyuguochancaozuoxitongxiangfuxiangchengdexinpianchanye。
其中，2004年成立的zai2008niantuile“qilinchuliqi”dechuxingk3v1，erzhongxinguojidengqiye，yekaishileduiguangkejideyinjinzhilu。
suirankanke、quzhe，danqueweijinridekunjingzhiguangmaixiale“rencai”hechanyedezhongzi。
2011nian，suizhehulianwangsanjutoudequeli，alibabadediyipaobianshizhuanzhanyidongcaozuoxitong。
buguohesanjutoushenfenbufudeshi，zheiciyidongduandebujukaitouzhiyoualibabadealiyunoscengyugugeanzhuo、pingguoiosyijiweiruanwpjinxinglepkshijiaofeng。
qizhong，alibabazai2011nian7yue28rituichujiyulinuxdealiyunos，erbaidusuirancengzai2012nianjiyutuichulebaiduyunos，danhealiyunosshuyudulixitongxiangbi，baiduyunoshexiaomidemiuishuyutongyixingzhi，jinjinzhishianzhuodezaigaizao。
2012nian9yue20ri，alibabajituanxuanbualiyunosjiangduliyualiyunshiyequnyunxing，bingtouru2yimeiyuanjiangaliyunosshangshengdaozhanlvejichanpin。
erjiuzaialidulialiyunoszhiqiande9yue13ri，yuandingyuhongqilianhetuichudazaialiyunosdea800xinshoujifabuhuituranquxiaojuxing，jugugedangshiduiguowaimeititoulou：hongjishuyuanzhuolianmengchengyuan，budeshiyongfeianzhuozhiwaiqiejianronganzhuodexitong。
anzhuolianmengdechangshangzoubutong，alibababianjiangmuguangdingshanglesulaiyugugehegaotonglianmengbuhedemeizu。
zhishiliangjiagongsidelianyinshifenyinmi，xianghuhezuodeshiqing，zhidao2015nianmeizuzaiduokuanjixingshangdazaialiyunosxitonghoucaideyigongshi。
2014nian7yue，aliyungengmingweiyunos，bingyiweiyideyidongcaozuoxitongshenfen，ruwei2014nianzhongyangguojiajiguanzhengfucaigouxieyigonghuoshangmingdan。
2015nian，suizhemeizuzaialiyunoszhenyingdezhandui，2016nianalibabajituanosshiyequnzongcaizhangchunhuicengduimeitijieshao：“2015nianyunosxinzengyonghutongbizengzhang700%，erzai2016niandiyijidu，xinzengyonghu1700wan，chuhuoliangzhanguoneizhinengshoujishichangbilida16.08%”。
zhikexi，jinguandangnianyunosdangniandingshengshizuodaoleanzhuoheioszhihoudequanqiudisandayidongcaozuoxitong，dandanpingmeizudeshichangtilianghealibabazaianzhuoshengtaidehaozhaoli，shizhongmeiyou“shoujideyidongxitongduanshichang”niuguogugehegaotongdelianhefengsha。
2016nianxiabannian，suizhegugeduidaliangyingyongdejishuxing“gejue”，yunoszaiyidongduandeshichangkuaisuxiajiang，shenzhidangshizaizibenguanxishangyualixiangqinxiangjindemeizudouyijingshaoyouyunosdejixingtuichu。
suizhecduandeshichangyuleng，aliyishidaoyidongshichangdecelveshiwuhou，bianjiangyunosdekaifafangxiangzhuanxiangwulianwangcaozuoxitonglingyu。
2017nian9yue28ri，yunosgaichengalios。cihoubujiu，aliosyikaiyuandefangshi，zhengshituichumianxiangiotlingyudeqingliangjiwulianwangqianrushicaozuoxitongalios things。
genjuweijibaikeshangdegongkaiziliaoxianshi，aliyunoscaiyongleheanzhuoxiangtongdelunixneihe，bingyoucishixianlejianronganzhuoyingyong。
yiwei360gongchengshitoulou，huaweizaibeigugetingzhihezuohou，xindecaozuoxitongyidinghuiconglunixzhongdansheng。yinweizhiyaoxiangrangzheigexitonghuodeshengtainengliheguojishichangdegongxinli，zheijihushisuoyougerenduanxitongdebiransuming。
zaiwenji”ruguoguoneiyouneijijiagongsikeyishendudingzhijiyulinuxdegerenduancaozuoxitong“shi，zheiweigongchengshijilelianggedaan：yaomeshiali，yaomeshihuawei。
tahaibuchongdao：“yaozuoxitongbixuduiwaizugoukaifang，jiuxianggugedangnianduianzhuodezuofa，rangbierenkandaochengyicaihuiyourencanyuxitongdeshengtaijianshe，cainengxingchengwendingdechanyelianmeng。”
xianran，alideyunoskaifangdeyoudianwanle。
aliyugugeanzhuodezheiduanduikangshi，poyouxiegugebipohuaweizoushangliangshanhou“aliyunosxuji”deyiwei，zhishihuaweihealixiangbi，huaweidechujingzaibeiarmtingzhihezuohou，qimianlindeyaligengda。
lingwaigenjumuqiandeyizhixiaoxilaikan，huaweihongmenghealiyunosxiangbi，zuidadequbieshihuaweihongmengbujinjinshipeiyushoujiduandecaozuoxitongyigedian，ershicongshouji、diannao、pingban、dianshi、qichehezhinengchuandaishebeidengduogechangjingdoujinxingledatong。
bujiuqian，yiweiwangyoucengzaiweibotougao：shanghaijiaotongdaxuemoujiaoshoudailinghuaweicaozuoxitongtuanduikaifaleyigezizhuchanquancaozuoxitong——hongmeng，qiduilinuxdaliangyouhua（yikaiyuan），bingyiyongyuhuaweishoujizhong（anquanbufen）。
ergenjuhuaweishoujiceoyuchengdongcengzaiyigelaoyouqunzhongdui“huaweizizhuyanfadecaozuoxitongzuikuaizaijinnianqiutian、zuiwandaomingnianchuntianjiuhuishangxian”detoulou。
mouzhongchengdueryan，huaweihongmengdechushibinglinshiqiyi，ershizaoyouzhunbei。
2019nianshigeteshuderizi，yinweicongtongxunfazhanshilaikan，jinnianjihukeyibeidingyiwei5gyuannian。
ruguohuaweimeiyouyudaojintiandemonan，suizhe5gdepuji，caozuoxitongdeshichanggejuyidinghuibeizhongxie。
jiuzai2018nian，weiruanfangqilewindowsdehouxudagengxin，zhijiejiangwindowsbingruleyunjisuanbumen；ergugedeanzhuozaijinglilecong1.0dao4.0dedagengxinhou，houxudeshengjiyeyuelaiyuenanyitupoanzhuozaiyonghutiyanshangdeyouxiaotisheng。
shishishang，zaonianqijianyixiexifanggongsiyeyouzhenduianzhuodebianzhongxitongcunzai，danzheixiexitongdousizaileanzhuokuaisudiedaidetiyangengxinshang。
而今天的安卓，面对安卓P与安卓Q几乎细微到无法察觉的变动，谷歌授权与否在benshendeyiyishang，yijingduihuaweiyingxiangshenwei。
5gdepujijianghuiruohuaxinpiandengyingjiangongsizaigerenxitongtiyanshangdecunzaigan，yinweiweilaide5gwangluoxia，shoujizhishiyunxingxunijidezaiti，erxunijizhutibenshenjiuyijingtongguoalihehuaweizheiyangdegongsi，shixianlexianshangdeshishijiaohu。
suoyi，maishoujikanxiaolongchuliqi，haishilianfakechuliqiderizi，kenenghuichengweileisibbjideyiduanlishi。
人才、产业和未来
huiguzhongguocaozuoxitong20nian，rencaihechanyequeshishizaonian“guoneicaozuoxitongshichang”nanyiwenshidezuidazuai。
weiruan、pingguohegugenenggouliyongcaozuoxitongdelongduanyoushidubashijie，bujinjinshiyuanyuweiruan、pingguohuogugedeweida，ergengduoshiyuanyuweiruan、pingguohegugezaimeiguoyongyouderencaijichu。
dangquanqiudingjideshigejisuanjizhuanjiahuijuyiqi，suibianbangegongsi，buyongjieshaoyenengqingyinaxia1000wanmeiyuandeguzhi。erzheibianshicengjingfashengzaimeiguokejiqiangguodegushi。
20nianqian，zongshizhibuzu50yimeiyuandexinlang、souhuhewangyi，daizhewomendechengxuyuanzanqilediyipizhongguobianchengrencaidejichu；
2004nian，huaweihaisichengli，daizhezhongguodexinpianjingyingyongshiwuniannaxialequanqiuicshejigongsidiwumingdemingci；
2010nianzongshizhibuzugugewufenzhiyidealibabazaihulianwangdelangchaozhong，youdaizhezhongguodebianchengrencaiyongaliyunos，daxiangleguochanyidongxitongdediyiqiang。
20nianguoqu，womensuiranweicengzaiguochanxitongdeshichangshanghuodeguorenhewansheng，danshijianyejiyulewomenzaiguochanxitongshangduichanyeherencaidechengzhangdekongjian。
2019nian，juwangxinbanfabude《shuzizhongguojianshefazhanbaogao（2018nian）》xianshi：zhongguomuqiandayueyou1677wandehulianwangcongyezhe，qizhongjishugangwei（bingfeiquanbudoushichengxuyuan）decongyezhezhanzongrenshude45%，yuewei750wanren。
ergenjudisanfangzhimingshujutongjijigouidcdediaocha，2014nianshiquanqiuyueyou1850wanmingchengxuyuan，qizhongzhongguozhanleshijiede10%。jiyuzhongguoshishijiediyidahulianwangshichangdeshishi，yijingjilewomenkaifashihezhongguorenziyong、zili、zilidegerenduanxitongdetiaojianjichu。
2018nian，meitirenliangningzai《huaweilaobingjiangguochancaozuoxitongbeihoudegushi》likaitan：“jiuxiang10duonianqianyiyang，zhiyaogaodingzhishichanquanwenti，xuanzejishuluxian，zhaohuiganderen，tourugan，cpu／xinpianjiunenggouzuochulai。gaobudingdeyiranshicaozuoxitong。chajudadeyiranshishengtai。dangnian，raodeguointel，kuabuguoweiruan。rujin，raodeguoarm，zuobuchuanzhuo”。
danshishizhenderucima？qizhongdewangshi，pashizhiyouqieshencanyuguoderen，caizhidaonaxiefenfenrangrangdeshijianli，jiujingmaizangleduoshao“bukeshuo”dezhenxiang。
zuoweixinxishehuitongyongjichusheshi，shixia5gchanyejiansheyijifazhanruhuorutu，bingjiangzuizhongdaidongshushiwanyiguimodeshehuijingjifazhan。dan5gzaizhengshijinxingshangyonghuapujiyingyongqiandetaishiruhefazhan？5gjiangweinaxielingyudebiangedailaiyouyifuneng？5gjiangzaigexinggeyexianqishenmeyangdeshichangfengbao？xiliewentiyirankunraozhegejierenshi。
weijinyibushenrulejiechanyefazhanmailuo，lijie5gchanyexianzhuangyijiweilaiqushi，ranggejierenshigengqingxidedongcha5gchanyefazhanguochengzhongdejiyudian。6yue14ri，jingshanghaishijingjihexinxihuaweiyuanhui、shanghaishishangwuweiyuanhui、shanghaishizhangningqurenminzhengfuzhidao，youyiougongsilianhechengbande“5gwulianfenghui”jiangyushanghaihongqiaoshimaozhanguanjuban。
yiou“5gwulianfenghui”jiangteyaozhengfu、xuejie、shangye、touzijigoudenglingyudezhuanyerenshi，yiduolingyushijiaoqieru，shenjiu5gchanyefazhanmailuo，tansuo5gfunenggexinggeyedexinsilu、xinfangfa，gongxingyeneiwaigejierenshicankao。huodongxiangqingqingchuo：//www.iyiou.com/post/ad/id/824